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(OMITTED) Your brain registers pain through neurons,special cells that wind through the body.
VOA: standard.2010.05.04
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Neurons have these projections because one important property, or one important function of neurons, is to communicate with each other.
这些突起,源于神经细胞,一项重要的性质,或者说一项重要的功能,那就是实现信息的交流
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We've then talked about how neurons can communicate to one another; then, turned to how neurons are wired up together.
接着我们还讲了,神经元之间是如何进行信息传递的,之后,我们又谈到了,神经元是如何连结在一起的
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(Hargreaves says,) they applied the solution to mice neurons;
VOA: standard.2010.05.04
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Like many cells in neurons, the shape of the cell is intimately related to its function within the organism.
同许多种神经细胞一样,这个细胞的形状和,它们在生物体中执行的功能紧密相关
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They have nothing to do with the cells that are on your head, the hairs on your head. These are modified neurons.
这些细胞与脑细胞,不是一回事，与头发也没有任何关系而是改良后的神经元。
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Making sure that your lump of flesh doesn't have its neurons hurt?
确保你血肉之躯的神经细胞不受伤害？
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So, one simple way to code intensity is the number of neurons firing; the more neurons the more intense.
影响反应强度的一个简单因素,就是产生神经冲动的神经元数量,神经元越多,反应强度越大
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The motor neurons are deactivated and then, because the way you breathe is through motor neurons, you then die.
运动神经元被抑制了,也因为你的呼吸是由运动神经元支配的,那接下来你就会死去
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So, you have neurons and they're clustered together and they fire and they communicate to one another.
所以,你有很多的神经元,它们聚集在一起,发放神经冲动,彼此间相互联系
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Now because it is so important to understand how the neurons present the information, ? let me go into a bit more detail. Ok?
既然要理解,神经元传递信息是如此重要，我来更加详细地解释一下，好吧？
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And to give you, again, a feeling for the complexity of these systems, the cerebellum contains approximately 30 billion neurons.
小脑包含大约三百万个神经元,这也能够让你再次体会到,这些系统的复杂性
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Now, this is in the resting state of all cells, there's some membrane potential and neurons have this resting membrane potential also.
现在这是一个静息状态的细胞,它具有膜电位,神经元也具有类似的静息电位
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That's obvious when you look at neurons and it will be obvious when we look at other kinds of cells as well.
当你看到神经元细胞时,这一点就一目了然了,我们观察其它细胞时也是如此
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That is interesting because it kind of looks to some extent like the way neurons look and this is often known as neural networks.
有趣的是,因为它看上去很像神经元的样子,所以通常都将它称之为神经网络
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What this does then is it paralyzes you because your motor neurons-- You send the command to your arm to stand, to lift up.
结果就是它能使你瘫痪,因为你的运动神经元,你想要举起手臂
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Now if the spinal cord is injured, for example, what we propose to do is to tap into the electrical signals associated with individual neurons.
现在，如果脊髓受到伤害，我们建议去接近与单个神经元,相联系的电子信号。
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What happens in development isn't for the most part the growth of new neurons.
发展中所发生的主要事情,并非是新神经元的生长
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To get to the whole story, we have to record from hundreds of neurons.
要得到整个谜底，我们必须录下数百个神经元。
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Many neurotransmitters that carry signals between neurons in your brain work this way.
在脑部神经元细胞中,传递信号的神经递质分子的,作用原理就是如此
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And it's through these clever ways that neurons can affect your mental life.
神经元会通过这些巧妙的方式,来影响你的心理活动
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There are sensory neurons, which take information from the world so as you see me, for instance, there are neurons firing from your retina sending signals to your brain.
感觉神经元,负责收集外界信息,比如,当你看到我的时候,视网膜上的神经元会产生神经冲动,将刺激信号传递到你的大脑
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One interesting thing about neurons is a neuron is like a gun.
神经元有趣的一点在于,神经元就像把枪一样
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One could easily, for example, differentiate between a red cell and a neuron, but a skilled biologist who's looked at many, many different cells could differentiate between different types of neurons.
普通人可以很轻易的,分辨出神经元和红细胞,然而一个训练有素的生物学家,辨识过许多不同细胞之后,能够分辨出不同种类的神经元
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If you decide to raise your hand, those are motor neurons telling the muscles what to do.
如果你要举手,这些运动神经元会告诉肌肉该做些什么
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And the answer is, although neurons are all or nothing, there are ways to code intensity.
答案就是,尽管神经元服从全或无法则,但仍有许多因素会影响神经元的反应强度
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Now, So, we've talked a little bit about the basic building blocks of the brain "neurons".
到现在为止,我们已经讲到了,大脑的基本单元,"神经元"
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It turns out that neurons relate to one another chemically in a kind of interesting way.
原来神经元之间,是通过奇妙的化学方式,而相互联系的
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As Lewis Carroll's Alice might have phrased it, "You're nothing but a pack of neurons."
正如刘易斯·卡罗尔,在《爱丽斯》中所描述的,"你不过是一堆神经元罢了"
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There are a lot of them about one thousand billion of them and each neuron can be connected to around thousands, perhaps tens of thousands, other neurons.
他们大量存在,大约有上千亿,每个神经元都和其周围上千个,甚至上万个神经元相连接
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