Ideas like this, as I say, are taken from the aesthetic and practical thinking about the nature of the work of art that one finds in Modernism.

这种观点,来自对,现代主义作品美学和实际的考虑。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Eight features of literary modernism: An obsession with the idea of art's autonomy, the idea that art is its own law, that it responds to no other laws, that it has no other purpose than its own purposes.

第一，对艺术意志自由问题的困扰,对艺术是自身的法律，它不响应其他准则,它只有本身这唯一的目的，也就是说。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

It's a late Victorian image of an archaic singer rendered in the melodramatic manner of Pre-Raphaelite art and thoroughly removed from the aesthetic values of modernism, such as naturalism, formal clarity, emotional restraint and so on.

这是维多利亚时代晚期古代吟唱诗人的肖像,用戏剧化的前拉斐尔派,风格表现，完全摒弃了,现代主义的审美观，比如自然主义，形式明确，感情自制等等。

耶鲁公开课 - 现代诗歌课程节选

Now I want to really clarify for you what I mean by this term "modernism." It just means the art and literature of the early twentieth century, especially the "high art," although its roots are definitely in the nineteenth century, especially the French nineteenth century, fiction and poetry.

现在我特别想向大家解释清楚,“现代主义“到底是什么意思，它其实就是指,20世界早期的艺术和文学作品，特别是高雅艺术“,尽管它起源于19世纪，特别是19世纪法国的小说和诗歌。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选