We could just collect a bunch of data. For a material .What's the volume it occupies at some pressure and temperature?

对一种物质我们可以得到一系列测量数据,在给定的温度和气压下,它的体积是什么？

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

What I really want to do is just give an example of what happens when you throw the thing, the material into a calorimeter and see how much the temperature changes.

我想做的是给出当,你把这些东西，这些材料扔进，量热计时会发生什么,看看温度会变化多少。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

In other words, how much does the temperature of the whole thing change when you put an ordinary amount of material in there and run a reaction, right. Well, what do you do?

当你放入通常数量的材料,并进行反应时,整个装置的温度,改变有多少，你要做什么？

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

But because in many cases we can reasonably either model or measure equations of state, collect data for a material for its temperature, pressure, volume relations, then in fact if we can relate all these quantities to those then in fact we really can calculate essentially all of the thermodynamics. For the material.

但是因为在很多情况下,我们能够合理的给出状态方程的模型,或者通过收集一个物质的，温度，压强和体积之间的关系,来测量其状态方程，所以实际上我们可以给出压强等物理量,和热力学势之间的关系,并计算出所有的热力学势，对于给定的物质。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选