For example, adding copper to glass can make it blue, while adding tin can make it white.
VOA: special.2009.09.16
So, this is just one example of how these properties can already, even our understanding just talking about single atoms, can already make an impact in these biological systems.
这只是一个例子,通过它我们可以看到,尽管我们仅仅讲到了单个原子,但我们现在已经可以用它的性质来理解一些生物系统。
A pancreas--cell in the pancreas, for example, needs to make insulin and so the gene for insulin is transcribed.
举个例子,一个胰腺细胞,要分泌胰岛素,那么编码胰岛素蛋白的基因就会被转录
For example,Mister Venter is working to design cells that can make it easier to capture carbon dioxide.
VOA: special.2010.07.20
I'm going to start with the simplest example and slowly add on bells and whistles and make it more and more complicated.
我会从最简单的例子开始,逐渐增加难度,让问题越来越复杂
For example, if it's more convenient should you change the environment to make the unhealthy food less convenient and make healthy foods more convenient?
举例来说,如果是因为方便,那你改变外部环境,会使得健康食品比垃圾食品更容易获得吗
Just to make sure you've understood this, let me do an example on the board.
为了让大家都听明白,我来举个例子
All right. What does this have to do with my divisor example? This says I can make tuples, but imagine now going back to my divisor example and I want to gather up the elements as I go along. I ought to be able to do that by in fact just adding the pieces in.
这意味着我可以创建元组了,但是想像下回到我们的除数的例子,在处理过程中我们想把目标数的除数,收集起来,我应该能够通过把这些数,一个一个加进来来实现这个目的,我正是要去这么做,也就是。
So, for example, Wellbutrin, it is very unlikely that it would have thionyl chloride in order to make it, and if thionyl chloride was used at some point in the synthesis, it was not to put that chlorine atom on, it was to put something else on.
比如,安非他酮,用亚硫酰氯来制造它,是不太可能的,而就算在合成过程中的某一阶段用到了亚硫酰氯,它也不会把氯原子加进去,而是把其它东西加进去。
Here's a nice simple example to make that point.
下面有个不错的简单的例子说明这一点。
I think they probably also invented a few things, but it was very,very characteristic of the Greeks to borrow from the cultures they encountered and to adapt them, to make them more useful for their own purposes and nothing could be clearer than the alphabet as an example of that.
我认为他们或许也发明过一些事物,但从他们所遇到的文明中进行借鉴,将之应用到自己的生活中去,并使它们更适于希腊人自己的目的,这样的方式也是非常希腊风格的,也没有什么,能比字母表这个例子更能清晰地说明这点了
And as an example, let's take sulfuryl chloride, SO2, Cl2 make it a little complicated, Cl2, right, so don't worry about these compounds.
让我们用SO2作为一个例子,这有点难度,对,还有,不要担心这些化合物。
For example, what if you could make a hepatitis vaccine that was good in one shot instead of three shots?
比方说,如果你研制的一种肝炎疫苗,只需接种一次,而不是三次会怎么样
But here, for example, the idea is to make many copies of a protein for use as a pharmaceutical.
不过这里,举例来说,这个构想是把蛋白质作为药物来量产
We want to do that in the simplest context, then we can make the example more and more complicated, but the phenomenon will be the same.
我们想举一个最简单的情景,随后我们可以再看一下更复杂的情况,但是万变不离其宗
So let's do an example, just want to make sure we understand the payoffs.
我来举个例子,以便确定你们都明白收益是什么
We've talked about killing a virus by cross-linking it, for example, to make a substance that looks like a vaccine-- looks like a virus but can't replicate.
例如,我们谈论过,通过蛋白交联来杀死病毒,以便制造出一种类似疫苗,应该是类似病毒但却无法进行复制的物质
To make insulin, for example, your cells of your pancreas have to be transcribing that gene, it has to be processed, has to be translated into the protein insulin.
举例来说,如果要合成胰岛素,你的胰腺细胞必须先转录那一段基因,然后进行加工,继而翻译成为胰岛素蛋白
Only cells of your pancreas make insulin, for example.
举例来说,只有胰腺细胞生成胰岛素
Here's an example where we'd like to make insulin, or having the insulin gene would be useful, but if we could take the insulin gene and make many copies of the insulin protein that would be a very useful thing.
例子就是我们人工制造胰岛素,胰岛素基因就很有用,但如果我们可以用胰岛素基因,复制很多胰岛素蛋白,这将会是非常有裨益的一件事
Here's an example of using a large animal by inserting the gene that you're interested in, you can make this animal into a factory for the kind of protein that you would like to make.
这就是一个通过植入你所感兴趣的,基因来利用大型动物的例子,你同样能把这些动物变为,你所需要的目标蛋白的加工厂
I think the easiest way to look at what this does, is let's take a really simple example- I want to make sure I put the right things out- I've got a simple little list of values there.
到底做了什么,就是让它跑一个简单的例子,我想要确信我找到了正确的元素-,这里我用一个简单的小的列表-,如果我去代码里面看。
So it lets you do a profile of not just the genes that you possess, for example, but what genes are actually being used to make proteins in the cells that surround the fluid where this was collected.
他不仅能让研究者了解,人带有哪些基因,还能知道,在收集到的体液细胞的样本中,哪些基因是合成蛋白质的
The same thing with these cells here, as these cells undergo continual divisions, they're changing in ways that make them mature, that make them more like the mature cells of the nervous system, for example, if that's where they end up being but they're losing potential as they go through that differentiation process.
细胞也是这样,在连续分裂的过程中,它们愈发成熟,比如说,变得越来越像,神经系统细胞,如果它们最终将构成神经系统的话,那它们在分化的过程中,就失去了许多潜能
So, for example suppose now, just to make life a little bit more interesting, suppose that the voters were actually two rows and just allow me the suspension of disbelief that these rows have the same number of people in them, I know they don't really.
例如,假设现在,为了更有趣点,假设选民是两排人,且允许我认为,这两排人数相同,我知道他们实际上是不同的
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