"At the time I saw him, he had really very advanced cancer, practically 60 to 70 percent of his liver was replaced by cancer cells,"

VOA: standard.2010.01.12

When they become more like the liver, they differentiate into liver cells.

当细胞变得越来越像肝细胞的时候,我们就称其为分化成了肝细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Hepatitis is a virus that specifically affects the liver, so viruses are often specific to certain kinds of cells.

肝炎病毒就可以特异性的感染肝细胞,因病毒通常都有细胞特异性

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, Hepatitis is already infecting cells of their liver, their liver is actively making new virus.

乙肝病毒已经感染了他们的肝细胞,他们的肝脏正在迅速地产生新的病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There's other viruses that infect cells of the brain, of the kidney, of the liver.

另外还有能感染脑细胞,肾细胞和肝细胞的病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, it would be useful because if I could take cells from the skin, find stem cells in the skin and then de-differentiate them so that they were now capable of becoming liver, or brain, or things that they're not going to become in their normal site, then that could be a very powerful tool for medicine.

这是因为,如果我能取一些皮肤细胞,找一些皮肤干细胞,并将它们去分化,那它们就能分化成肝脏,大脑或其他一些,它们原本分化不出来的细胞,这可以成为一个医学利器

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选