It's a ladder used to ascend a tree, it's a kind of tool of ascent that's a kind of a tool for getting fruit.

这是用来爬上树的梯子，是一种上升的工具,也是用来摘果子的。

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It's a twisted ladder and there's a couple of things to notice about this familiar structure.

它犹如扭曲的梯子,对于这众所周知的结构有几件事必须注意

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There's the ladder to heaven in "After Apple-Picking."

在“摘完苹果“中有通向天堂的梯子“

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There's no ladder, no differences between CEO and an average engineer on the surface.

没有阶级划分,表面上看来，普通员工和CEO也没有差别。

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This represents the upright struts on a ladder that I showed you before, it represents this backbone that's shown by - that's formed by polymerizing the pentose's together through phosphate's always going 5' to 3', 5' to 3'.

线条代表梯子,上下的支柱 之前给你们演示过,代表由多聚戊糖分子,通过磷酸基从5'端向3'端方向,连接起来的主链

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It's the phosphate and the pentose that make up the backbone - that make up the upright struts of the ladder and it's the bases that make up the connecting struts, so the bases are the colors.

磷酸基和戊糖,共同构成了主链,主链又构成了梯子上下的支柱,而碱基,则构成连接支柱的梯阶,碱基是用各种颜色表示的

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The backbone's on the outside of the molecule like the upright struts of a ladder on the outside of a ladder.

主链位于DNA分子结构外侧,像梯子两侧上下的支柱,记住是梯子外侧

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The corresponding half of the ladder that corresponds to any given ladder, let's say the black DNA molecule that corresponds to the blue one is not just a mirror image.

与任何单链配对的,另一条单链,比方说与蓝色DNA分子,配对的黑色DNA分子,并不是蓝色DNA分子的镜像

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Every unit in the backbone of this ladder has the same sugar unit, the same pentose; it's either RNA or DNA and has ribose or deoxyribose, so you don't need to describe the whole thing.

主链的每个单位,都由相同的糖单位构成,同样的戊糖,RNA里是核糖,DNA里是脱氧核糖,所以你不需要所有细节都描述

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选