But Professor Gaechter says his team's theory was that punishment has only low costs because it needs to be used rarely and works as a threat.

VOA: special.2009.03.03

> It only works with division?

>，这是不是只对除法起作用？

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

It only works within species. So, in another experiment they put a rabbit in the other room and the chimpanzee would slap the lever repeatedly to make the rabbit scream in pain and jump.

这种结果只出现在同种动物上，在另一个实验里,他们在另一个房间放一只兔子,结果黑猩猩不停地拍杠杆,让兔子痛得上跳下窜，大声尖叫。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Certain segments of DNA are being converted into RNA, and whereas in replication, you have to copy the whole genome, the whole - all of the chromosomes, all of the DNA contained in the chromosomes of the cell in order to completely replicate it; transcription only works on particular sequences of DNA.

特定的DNA序列被转录为RNA,在复制的过程中,整条染色体都被复制,包括其中的全部DNA序列,都被分毫不差地复制下来,以保证复制的完整性,而转录过程只发生在特定的DNA序列上

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选