There is even a dog that is half-wolf.

VOA: special.2009.12.11

for why you became afraid of dogs is that one day a dog came up and he was a neutral stimulus.

你之所以害怕狗,是因为，某天有只狗向你跑来,狗是一个中性刺激。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

We have the words of a language, the morphology, but all that gives you is "Dog," "Cup," "Chair," "House," "Story," "Idea."

语言也拥有词,即语态,但这些词只能让你知道,"狗","杯子","椅子,","房子","故事","想法"

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

For a language like English, that creature there is referred to with the morpheme "Dog."

对于像英语这样的语言,那种生物被表示为语素"狗"

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So, the claim about a phobia is that there's a bad association between, say dog and fear, or between airplanes or snakes and some bad response.

比如说，恐惧症就是在狗和恐惧之间,或是在飞机，蛇和一些糟糕反应之间，存在着消极的联结。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选