The computer program continuously takes in data from a glucose monitor inserted into a patient's vein and calculates the dose of artificial insulin that needs to be infused through an insulin pump.

VOA: standard.2010.04.15

Glucose has to get into cells, that's the main source of energy source that cells use, metabolism of glucose.

但葡萄糖又必须进入细胞,因为它是细胞能量的主要来源,即通过葡萄糖代谢产生能量

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Because maybe you ate more glucose than you needed immediately and so it goes into cells that can store glucose.

因为你摄入的糖可能比你需要的糖更多,因此它们就进入那些有储糖能力的细胞中

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So, when there is extra glucose you want to put it into the cells that can use it immediately.

当有额外的糖分存在时,能迅速利用糖分的细胞就开始摄取糖分

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That's what fat cells do, they convert glucose into a form for storage.

这也就是脂肪细胞的工作,它们将糖转化为另一种形式储存起来

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It could be that that signal is 'you need more glucose', and so the cellular response is to create more glucose transporters to bring more glucose into the cell.

这信号还可能是,"需要更多葡萄糖",细胞的反馈就是,产生更多的葡萄糖载体,将更多的糖分子输送进细胞

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Well, why does it increase uptake of glucose into muscle cells?

那么,肌细胞为什么要增加糖的摄取

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When it does it makes biochemical changes inside the cells and one of the things it does is increase glucose uptake into certain kinds of cells, particularly fat cells and muscle cells.

这导致细胞内部发生生物化学变化,其中的一个变化是,某些细胞开始增加对糖分的摄取,尤其是脂肪细胞和肌细胞

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In order for it to get inside the cells and go through them there have to be transporters which specifically allow glucose to pass into the cell and then out into our body.

为使其能进入并穿过细胞,肠上皮必须具有葡萄糖特异性的转运蛋白,使葡萄糖能够穿过细胞进入体内

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Well, one because you're not taking anymore glucose in, but the other because when you did eat glucose you got more insulin and the glucose got shuttled into cells where it's either used or stored.

一个是因为你没有再摄入更多的糖分,另一个原因就是,当你摄入糖时,胰岛素分泌增加,糖被转运到细胞内部,要么被用掉要么被储存

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