It's not public finance, it's not insurance, but it's one of the most important fundamental theories that underlies finance.

这不是财政，不是保险，但这是金融学的,基本理论。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

I think it's the most important theoretical concept that underlies finance and insurance, which we'll also talk about a little bit in this course.

我认为,这是构成金融学和保险学,最重要的理论核心概念,而这些我们在以后的课程中,还会再提到

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So, it was in the 1600s that probability theory started to get written down as a theory and many things then happened in that century that, I think, are precursors both to finance and insurance.

所以直到十七世纪,概率论,才被记录下来,形成理论,并且在那个世纪里诞生了,金融和保险的雏形

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选