get back to the initial point is going to require some input from outside, like heat or extra work or extra heat or something because you've done an irreversible process.

如果要逆转它,回到初始点，就需要外界的投入，比如额外的功，额外的热量等等,因为你进行了一个不可逆过程。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Since the poem's initial appearance, the institution of episcopacy, or church hierarchy, has been seriously eroded.

从这首诗初次面世以来，主教制度，或者说教会的等级制就已经被严重腐蚀了。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

As I keep moving down, that part gets smaller, it's not always the initial length of the list, and you're right. But if you do the sums, or if you want to think of it this way, if you think about this more generally, it's always on average at least the length of the list.

等等，随着移动，剩下的部分越来越小，并不是初始那么长了，如果你算一算，或者你这么想，你考虑更一般的情况，平均下来至少是列表的长度。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

Aristophanes is the one who created the original or the initial prejudice against Socrates.

亚里斯多芬尼斯是原创或说,首创对苏格拉底持偏见态度的剧作家。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

So, if we start instead with talking about the energy levels, we can relate these to frequency, because we already said that frequency is related to, or it's equal to the initial energy level here minus the final energy level there over Planck's constant to get us to frequency.

如果我们从讨论能级开始，我们可以联系到频率上,因为我们说过频率和能量相关,或者说等于初始能量,减去末态能量除以普朗克常数。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

The first he calls justice in acquisition or in initial holdings.

第一个原则，诺齐克称之最初占有的公正原则。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

or just the initial attraction?

或者它们只是影响最初的相互吸引？

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

We can also talk about it in terms of if we want to solve, if we, for example, we want to find out what that initial energy was, we can just rearrange our equation, or we can look at this here where the initial energy is equal to kinetic energy plus the work function.

初始能量是多少，也可以,写成另一种形式,我们可以把方程变形,或者我们看这里,初始能量等于,动能加功函数。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选