So we have four choices in terms of initial and final energy levels, and also what it means - in terms of the electron -- whether it's gaining energy or whether it's going to be emitting energy?

我们有这四个选项,各有不同的初始能量和末能量,它都是按照电子来说的,不管是失去能量还是得到能量？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

and final points, a relationship between the temperature and volume for the initial and final points.

我们就得到了,初末态的温度,和体积间的关系。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So kind of that strange cursive r, and our n final is 2, R so 1 over 2 squared minus n initial, so 1 over 3 squared.

因为我们可以在这里用到它，这个有点奇怪的花体。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

It's very interesting because velocity seems to require two different times to define it -- the initial time and the final time.

这非常有趣,因为速度似乎需要两个时间才能算出来,初时刻和末时刻

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选

So there's going to be a line that's going to connect the initial point to the final point, and that line mathematically is not going to be the same as this one here.

连接绝热过程,初末态的曲线的方程，和等温线的方程,也不会相同。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

OK, so, the thing about a state function is that the function has a value for initial conditions and at final conditions.

态函数的特点是,在初始状态有一个值,在末状态也有一个值。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If it was non-reversible, I would be allowed to put an initial point and a final point, but I wouldn't be allowed to put a path between them like this, connecting them together.

如果是不可逆过程，我可以画出过程的初态点,和末态点，但是我不能再像这样,画出连接这两个点的，路径曲线来。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

What is y-y0? The final y is 0, the initial y is 15. You solve for that equation and you will find the final velocity.

-y0是什么,末态的y是0,初态的y是15 你们已经得到,然后你可以找到最终速度

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选

Second formula tries to relate the final velocity of some time, t, to the initial velocity and the distance traveled with no reference to time.

第二个式子能把某段时间t的末速度,和初速度,经过的路程联系在一起,并且不引入时间

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选