In the interest of time, I'm going to skip over a few other passages that I was going to read to you in reinforcement of this insistence, on de Man's part, that literature differs from other forms of discourse, the remaining question being: literature differs from other forms of discourse how?

由于时间关系，我将忽略一些其它的文章,我本想念给你们听，来巩固对这个主张的理解，对于德曼，文学与其它问题形式不同，剩下的问题是：,文学怎样与其它文体不同？

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

The difference is in positive reinforcement you do something; in negative reinforcement you take away something aversive.

区别就是，在正强化中你接受某种刺激;,而在负强化中你回避了某种厌恶刺激。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And so typically, what you're doing inadvertently in those situations is you're exploiting the partial reinforcement effect.

通常，你在这些情境中无意的行为,会产生部分强化效应。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And more generally, the problem is you can talk about what other people do in terms of reinforcement and punishment and operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

更加一般性的问题便是,你可以用强化和惩罚，操作性条件作用,以及经典条件作用之类的术语,来解释他人的行为。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

But in order to do so, you have to use terms like "punishment" and "reward" and "reinforcement" in such a vague way that in the end you're not saying anything scientific.

但如果你要这样去做，你就必须将惩罚，奖励“,强化之类的术语概念模糊化,最终你所作出的解释便毫无科学性。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选