Just imagine a philologist being confronted with the idea that the meaning of words at a certain historical moment isn't the only thing that matters in understanding the meaning of a poem.

想象一下，一个语言学家看到一个理论指出,一个字在特定历史阶段的语义,不是影响诗歌意思理解的,唯一因素。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

And what this is in a very general sense is the learning of an association between one stimulus and another stimulus, where stimulus is a technical term meaning events in the environment like a certain smell or sound or sight.

一般来说,经典条件作用是指在一个刺激,和另一个刺激之间形成联结，这里的刺激是一个专业术语,意思是环境中出现的事件,比如某种味道，声音或景观。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选