So what syncopation is is simply the insertion of an impulse, a "Hit" If you will, at a metrical place that we do not expect it to be.

所以切分音就是插入的一个冲动,也可以说是一次"撞击",出现在一个我们意料之外的位置

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

It's the most important thing and our conducting pattern always has to have the downbeat of the hand in sync with the strongest impulse in the music , the strong.

这是最为重要的,而我们的指挥手势,总是和着乐曲的强音,做出重拍的动作

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

Note that he is not saying, although he is sometimes taken to be saying this, that he is not saying biologically implanted desire or impulse that we have or share that leads us to engage in political life.

注意，他并未亲口说，但他有时会被认为说过这话，但他并未说过,生物性根植的欲望或冲动,引导我们,致力于政治生活。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选