So, this is an immune response that doesn't have to be activated and we're used to thinking about immune responses that have to be activated.

所以 这是一种不必激活的免疫反应,我们曾认为免疫反应都需要激活

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There are two types of adaptive immune responses and they're called humoral immune responses.

获得性免疫反应有两类,一种是体液免疫反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That's why you need two kinds of immune responses.

这就是你需要两种免疫反应的原因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Because it's working to defend us against many different kinds of potential assaults, the immune system has a diverse repertoire of responses that it uses in the face of these assaults.

免疫系统的工作就是抵御,不同种类的潜在威胁,免疫系统具备类型众多的免疫反应类型,以应对各种威胁

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Or you get a cold, the cold virus takes hold, the viruses start replicating inside of you and it takes some time for immune system to gear up to eliminate it, so we're used to thinking about responses that take some time.

或者你得了感冒,感冒病毒扎根在你的身体中,病毒开始在你体内复制,免疫系统需要一定时间做好准备去消灭它,所以我们曾认为免疫反应需要一定时间

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选