The best way to label this DNA is by designing probes or labels that hybridize with specific sequences that you're interested in.

最好的标记方法是,设计出能与你感兴趣的,特定基因序列杂交的,分子探针或标签

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now if I put them in contact with one another, the plasmid that's been opened and fragments of the DNA - special fragments that I've produced with the same restriction enzyme, they'll have the same sticky ends, they will naturally hybridize with one another.

如果我让它们互相接触,已经切开的质粒和DNA片段--,这DNA片段是我已用同种限制性内切酶,处理过的特别片段,这两者会有相同的粘性末端,它们会自然地相互杂交

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, if we hybridize just these three orbitals, what we're going to end up with is our s p 2 hybrid orbitals.

我们会看到现在有3个未配对的电子，可以成键。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And if we hybridize these orbitals in carbon, what we end up with is having two hybrid orbitals, and then we're going to be left with two of our p orbitals that are each going to have an electron associated in them.

如果我们杂化碳原子里这些轨道，我们能得到两个杂化轨道，另外剩下两个p轨道,每个里面有一个电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So if we don't have to hybridize one of the p orbitals, we can actually end up with a lower energy situation, because now these s p 2 orbitals are 1/3 s character, and only 2/3 p character, instead of 3/4.

我们的杂化轨道就有更多的p轨道成分，所以它们的能量更高，如果我们不杂化这个p轨道，我们可以得到一个能量更低的情况。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选