The scientists say the monkeys represent an important step in how researchers study human disease.

VOA: special.2009.06.23

And that was possible in smallpox because of a few characteristics of the disease: one is that it's a--it's purely a human disease, humans are the only organisms that are affected by it.

天花能够被根治的原因在于,这种疾病具有以下几个特点,一是,它是一种只有人类才得的疾病,人类是唯一受天花感染的生物

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One of the ways that it's used is to take the fertilized egg from an animal, a mouse, usually it's a mouse and inject in a vector that contains a gene that is involved in human disease of some sort.

其中一种应用就是,从动物,一般是老鼠体内取出受精卵,注入某种质粒,这种质粒带有与某些人类疾病相关的基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

"To mention an example, we have found that about eighty percent of all genes that are known to be associated with human disease have a counterpart in frogs.

VOA: special.2010.06.29

This is one aspect of Biomedical Engineering, developing tools that allow you to understand how human's function and what's wrong when they have disease and so some of the things we've talked about have that category.

这是生物医学工程研究的一个方向,即设计那些能够让人们了解,人体的运转方式的工具,以及能够诊断疾病的工具,我们刚才讲过的一些东西就属于这类

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And,they say, the map may teach them about human disease.

VOA: special.2010.06.29

So it's a very recent human disease in the evolutionary scale."

VOA: standard.2010.04.05

"First off,there is the infectious disease risk because if you use human blood there's a lot of transmissible diseases.

VOA: special.2009.08.03

The researchers say that about two thousand of tropicalis' genes are similar to human genes linked to cancer, asthma and heart disease.

VOA: special.2010.06.29

Mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium spread the disease to human beings through mosquito bites.

VOA: special.2010.04.20

These substances can damage the human nervous system and natural defenses against disease.

VOA: special.2009.06.23

Most human cases of the disease are minor.

VOA: special.2010.07.12

Warren says now that researchers have a map of the zebra finch genome, they can carry out experiments to identify which genes in the finch's brain are most critical to hearing and producing song - and by extension, which genes may play a role in human speech disorders, like those related to stuttering, autism,and Parkinson's disease.

VOA: standard.2010.04.05

It seemed to me also that every living African, whether in good or ill health, is prey to many enemies of health that would interact one upon the other in many ways within one human body, Critics feared if President Mbeki appeared to doubt the link between HIV and the disease, people would not practice safe sex and use condoms.

VOA: standard.2010.05.17

and also intensify vaccination against all infectious agents, all viruses that are known to be strongly associated with the development of cancer. The government should increase its efforts to prevent illnesses with links to cancer, he says,such as hepatitis, a disease of the liver, and the human papillomavirus, which is transmitted during intercourse and is linked to cervical cancer.

VOA: standard.2010.06.16