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It could have been a law firm; it could have been working in the study group on a homework assignment.
可能是一家律师事务所,也可能是一起做作业的学习小组
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And homework, it varies between classes. Sometimes you only get one assignment,
家庭作业，也跟课程的不同而有所差异。
有时候你只有一个作业，
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This is going to turn out to do the trick as you'll find out in your homework assignment.
你们要在家庭作业中,解决这个问题
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Previously, we looked at models where there were two candidates or on your homework assignment, three candidates.
之前,我们看到的模型有两个候选人,或者是你们的家庭作业里的三个人
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I'll get you to solve it out on a homework assignment, so you can actually prove that.
我让你们回去做一次作业,你们就都明白了
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So what you're going to do on the homework assignment is solve out this market.
你们家庭作业要做的,就是解开这个市场
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Having said that, I'll tell you what the homework assignment's going to be about.
说了这么多,我将要告诉你们家庭作业任务是什么
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So all of these assumptions are the same assumptions we studied two weeks ago, or two and a half weeks ago, and which you actually studied in your first homework assignment.
所有的这些假设都与,我们两周或两周半前学过的假设一样,也与第一次家庭作业中的假设一样
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Now, this is what you're going to do in the homework assignment, but I'm just going to make the argument that you could also imagine firms sitting somewhere between 0 and 1.
这是你们需要在家庭作业上完成的内容,值得一提的是,你们也可以想象公司在0和1间任何地方
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So that's on the homework assignment.
这些就是家庭作业
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It says there is an equilibrium with only one candidate standing and that candidate would be the median candidate, just like it was in the model we saw on your homework assignment and also in class.
它是指一个候选人参选时只有一个均衡,且那个候选人是中间的候选人,就像在你们的家庭作业,和课堂上见到的模型一样
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I won't write everything down because it's all written down on the homework assignment which is already on the web, but in fact firms are going to maximize profits, aim to maximize profits, firms are going to have constant marginal costs.
我不全写在这了因为它们都在,网上的家庭作业任务中写了,实际上公司是希望利润最大化,目的是利润最大化,公司有固定的边际成本
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So rather than go through this again a whole third time, I've gone through it once in quantities and once in prices, I'm going to get you guys to do it this time by having you do it on a homework assignment.
与其从头到尾再做第三遍,我已经从产量和价格角度从头到尾做过了,我将让你们自己,在家庭作业中完成这个工作
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What I want this class to be is a class where at least sometimes, like on this homework assignment, I set up a model for you, set up the story for you, and then you have to actually figure out how do I set this up properly and how do I solve it out?
我希望这个课程是至少在某些时候,就像这次家庭作业,我为你们设定一个模型,设定故事情节,然后由你们自己实际操作,如何恰当地设计并解决它
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If you have profit sharing in a firm or profit sharing in homework assignment, or any joint projects, you have to worry about too little effort being contributed because there's an externality.
如果你是一个公司的股东,或者和别人一起做作业及其他合作项目,你们需要注意到因为外部性,实际上每个人都付出了较少的努力
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So one example would be a firm that they both earn, sorry, they both own, and another example would be two of you working as a study group on my homework assignment.
也就是说这两家公司互相赚钱,我说错了,是交叉控股,另外一个例子是两名同学,为了做作业组成了一个学习小组
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So, for example, if you have a joint project that you're working on, perhaps it's a homework assignment, or perhaps it's a video project like these guys, that can turn into a Prisoners' Dilemma.
比如说你和别人要进行一个合作项目,可能是家庭作业,或者像他们正在进行的视频采集项目,它能变成一个囚徒困境
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Why is it that when we see these law partners, or medical partners, or whatever it happens to be, or students together on a homework assignment, why is it we tend to get inefficiently little effort when we start figuring out the strategy and working through the game?
为什么这些律师事务所的律师,医疗合伙人或者其他类似的机构,还有一起做作业的学生,当我们研究过这些策略和博弈后,为何这样的组合往往是收效甚微的
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So you're going to figure out what happens in this story very generally, well not very generally, but in the particular case actually on the homework assignment, but I want you to understand that there's this much more general story underlying this, and this is a pretty good model of a lot of markets.
所以你们将找出,这样的例子里通常会发生了什么,也说不上太通常,只是在特定情况下,这个家庭作业中,但我想让你们明白,在这例子具有普遍性,且这对很多市场来说都是很好的模型
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