He says the pagan idea, and I quote, "does not approach Israelite monotheism as it diminishes the number of its gods. The Israelite conception of God's unity entails His sovereign transcendence over all." That's the real issue.

考夫曼认为，异教思想，“即使缩小了神的数量，也和以色列的一神论不同,以色列中上帝的概念还包含了他对世间万物,至高无上的统治，“这是一个实际问题。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

When Apsu heard this, his face grew radiant Because of the evil he planned against the gods, his sons.

听到这话时，Apsu容光焕发,就为了他对神灵们的阴谋，对他的儿子们。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

He is of the same race as the gods, and at the same time his life is short and death is final, and death is bad.

人类和神同祖同宗,然而同时人类的生命是短暂的,死亡就是终点,而死亡是不好的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

So in sum, Kaufman's argument is this: Israel conceived of the divine in an entirely new way. Israel's God differed from the pagan gods in his essential nature. The pagan gods were natural gods.

总而言之，考夫曼的观点就是：以色列从一种全新的角度,构想了神的世界，以色列的上帝与异教的众神,在本质上完全不同，异教的众神是自然的神。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

His heart exulting, he said to his father: "Creator of the gods, destiny of the great gods, If I indeed, as your avenger, Am to vanquish Tiamat and save your lives, Set up the Assembly, proclaim supreme my destiny!

他内心暗喜，对他父亲说：,众神之父，这就是伟大神灵们的命数，如果我真的是你的复仇者，我就要打败Tiamat，拯救你的性命，我要组织集会，宣布我至高无上的权威！

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Utnapishtim And finally exhausted and battered he reaches Utnapishtim, also there on the board, Utnapishtim, who is the only mortal ever to have been granted immortality by the gods, and he comes to him and asks for his secret.

耗尽精力，终于到达，在屏幕上的Utnapishtim，是上帝恩准的唯一,可以长生不老的人，吉尔伽美什跟他讨教长生的秘密。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选