The classical hoplite formation then was not the long lived military institution of scholarly tradition, but merely one phase in a history of almost four centuries of slow change towards ever denser and more cohesive heavy infantry formations."

这种方阵的形成,并不是经过长期传承的传统军事制度,只是步兵阵型演变的一个阶段,战阵逐渐向更加紧密坚固的步兵阵型转化,而这个变化持续了约有四个世纪"

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The Persian infantry did not have heavy armor, they did not have that kind of a shield, they had wicker shields; fortunately, we have vase paintings that show us Persians.

波斯步兵没有重装甲,他们没有那种盾,他们只有藤条盾,很幸运,我们找到了展示波斯人图景的花瓶

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选