-
All right, so this is the heat flowing in or out of the system, and these are all functions of state.
好的，这就是系统的热量变化,这些都是态函数。
-
So now I have my first of my two slopes, in terms of something that's related to my system the heat capacity of the system.
好，我们现在得到了，两个微分式中的一个,它等于与系统密切相关的一个量。
-
Adiabatic means there's no heat transferred in or out of the system.
绝热意味着系统,与化境没有热交换。
-
It's not going to be zero this time because we have non zero heat exchange between the system and the environment, right.?
热力学量，但是现在让我们看一下,我们的特殊函数，这次它不会是零,因为系统与外界的热量交换并不是零，对吧？
-
We're going to find other properties that do care about the history of the system like work, that you put in the system, or heat that you put in the system, or some other variables But you can't use those to define the equilibrium state.
我们还会发现其他一些,与系统的历史有关的性质,比如你对系统做的功，或者你向系统传递的热量，或其他的变量,但你不能用它们,来定义平衡态。
-
Heat capacity relates the amount of heat that you add to the system to the change in temperature, and this is the relationship.
热容联系起给系统提供的,热量和温度的变化，关系式是这样的：
-
There's no heat flowing from the environment to the system. I have to define my terms.
系统与外界间,并没有热传递发生。
-
OK, so that means heat is being imparted to the system, right, from the surroundings in a manner that compensates exactly the amount of work done.
好，这表示系统,从外界吸热,吸收的热量与系统,对外做功的值相等。
-
Adiabatic means that there's no heat transferred between the system and the surrounding.
绝热是指没有热量,在系统和环境间传递。
-
If we want to know the total heat added to the system, we can measure it, which is the straightforward thing, but sometimes you want to calculate in advance, or sometimes you want to calculate it on an exam.
如果想知道给系统的总热量，我们可以测量，这是很直接的事情，但有时候我们想事先计算它，或者需要在考试中计算。
-
That great deal of specificity implies that heat is also path-dependent and again we have the convention that if heat is added to the system, the quantity is greater than zero.
热也是与路径有关的,根据通常的习惯,如果我们对系统加热，其符号取为正。
-
We add heat to the system.
我们对系统加热。
-
This is providing work that's being used in here, but if you take the whole outside of the surroundings and this whole thing is the system, no net work, these things cancel each other, and yet heat's going up.
如果把外面的全部当成环境，把这里的全部当成系统,那么就没有净的功，它们相互抵消了，热量向上传输，会发生什么？
-
It expands. You change your constraints on your system, you heat it up some more, then you take the heat source away, and you put it back in contact with the atmosphere. And you cool it a little bit, change the constraints, cool it a little bit more, and heat, and you've got a closed cycle engine.
让它与大气接触冷却,改变约束，使它继续冷却，然后又再次加热,这就是循环热机，我们以前也研究过，更复杂的机器。
-
So we'd really like to be able to find some sort of equation of state, or some sort of rather function of state that's going to relate the heat going in or out of the system with that function of state, because this isn't going to do it.
所以我们真的想要去,找到一些态方程或者态函数,通过这个态函数可以表示热量,在系统与外界的交换,因为这个不能表示它。
应用推荐