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(Speech) Gabe says Japan has been an ideal partner to the U.S.for so long.
VOA: standard.2009.11.11
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OK, this is only true for an ideal gas, and we went through that mathematically where the, with a chain rule.
这一关系只对理想气体成立，上节课我们,用链式法则推导出了这一关系。
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The last time you saw that for an ideal gas, the energy only cared about the temperature.
上次你们知道了，理想气体的能量只与温度有关。
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And he acknowledges here finally that the ideal of virginity is an ideal for which women are typically praised - and of course this goes without saying.
最后他也承认,关于妇女通常被赞美的童贞理想只是空想,当然这是不言而喻的。
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It is being written and redacted at a time when there is a king in Israel, there have been kings in Israel, and it is providing laws for the construction of an ideal monarchy.
它是在以色列有国王的时候写成并编辑的，以色列曾有过国王，它为建立君主理念提供了律法。
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Now, we saw before, or really I should say we accepted before, that for an ideal gas, u was a function of temperature only.
我们已经看到,或者说我们已经接受这样一个事实，即理想气体的内能只和温度有关。
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That for an ideal gas it has to be the case that there's no volume dependence of the energy.
我们可以直接推导这个结果,即证明对理想气体，内能和气体体积无关。
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You're allowed Cv comes out here for this adiabatic expansion, which is not a constant volume only because this is always true for an ideal gas.
绝热过程写下,这个式子是因为它对理想气体都成立，并没有用到等容过程的条件,只用了理想气体的条件。
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This quantity is exactly zero for an ideal gas and we'll discover why eventually it has to do with what we mean by an ideal gas it turns out.
对理想气体它是零,这点我们接下来会知道是,为什么，这与为什么我们叫它理想气体有关。
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PROFESSOR BAWENDI: So, for an ideal gas, the isothermal is the easy one because the energy doesn't change.
对理想气体，等温过程最简单,因为能量不变。
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So for an ideal gas, we saw that u was only a function of temperature.
对于理想气体，我们知道内能只是温度的函数。
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And now we're going to specify, we're going to do a Carnot cycle for an ideal gas.
我们具体地指定一个卡诺循环，这是理想气体。
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So for an ideal gas then, dH/dp under 0 constant temperature, that has to be equal to zero.
所以对于理想气体,偏H偏p在恒温下，等于。
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And we saw that, you saw that the Joule coefficient for an ideal gas was zero.
我们会发现，你们也会发现,理想气体的焦耳系数是零。
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But this is only true for an ideal gas and it's approximately true for other things.
但这只对,理想气体城里。
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is always equal to for an ideal gas? Cv dT right.
对吧？
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du=0 Delta u sub 3 is, for an ideal gas.
就是。
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I gotta put that constraint in there for an ideal gas.
注意只适用。
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but right now you're going to have to take it for granted. So, if the Joule-Thomson coefficient is equal to zero, just like we wrote, du = Cv dT du = Cv dT for an ideal gas, we're going to dH = Cp dT have dH = Cp dT for an ideal gas as well.
但是现在请你们应该把它看成理所当然的,所以，如果焦耳-汤姆逊系数等于零,就像我们写的，对于理想气体,我们也可以得到对于理想气体。
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Right now we told you Joule did all these experiments and he found out that for an ideal gas, that the limit in and ideal gas 0 case was that the eta J was equal to zero.
现在我告诉你们焦耳,做了所有这些实验,他发现对于理想气体,在极限情况下理想气体的ηJ等于。
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Therefore, from experiments, u is only a function of temperature for an ideal gas, H and therefore from these experiments, 0 we come out with delta H dH/dp is equal to zero.
因此，从实验可以得出,对于理想气体u只是温度的态函数，因此从这些实验中我们得到Δ,偏H偏p等于。
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If you have a real gas and you write du is Cv dT and your path is not a constant volume path, then you are making a mistake. But for an ideal gas, you can always write this. And this turns out to be very useful to remember.
对于真实气体，如果其变化过程,不是恒容的，du=Cv*dT就不成立，但对于理想气体,这条规则永远成立,这一点非常有用，请记住。
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du/dV under constant temperature was equal to zero for an ideal gas. And by analogy, we expect the same thing to be true here, because enthalpy and energy have all this analogy going on here. So let's look at an ideal gas.
偏U偏V在恒温下等于零,可以类比，我们希望在这里也一样，因为焓和能量有很强的类比性，让我们看看理想气体,【理想气体】
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PROFESSOR BAWENDI: So the question was, for an isothermal expansion, delta u does not change, therefore, The answer is that's true only for an ideal gas.
你的问题是，在等温过程中，内能是否，这只对理想气体成立。
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H for an ideal gas is only a function of temperature. This is not true for a real gas fortunately, but it's true for an ideal gas.
不正确的,但是幸运的是,对于理想气体是完全正确的。
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And if that's equal to zero, that means that the Joule-Thomson coefficient for an ideal gas is also equal to zero. We're going to actually prove this later in the course.
说明理想气体的,焦耳-汤姆逊系数也等于0。,详细的证明过程,会在以后的课上给出。
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Now going from three to four right, so we have another isothermal process for an ideal gas, so I won't try to make you sing again so soon.
从第三点到第四点，这也是一个理想气体的,恒温过程，这次不用你们集体回答了。
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for real gases. This is an equation of state for an ideal gases.
我们需要描述实际气体,的状态方程。
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Now, for an ideal gas, du/dV under =0 constant temperature is equal to zero.
对于理想气体，温度一定,时偏U偏V等于零。
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So enthalpy, for an ideal gas, only cares about temperature.
只和温度有关，压力已经与不重要了，所以这里与p无关。
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