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She says any discussion about improving the environment must include a discussion about changing the animal food production industry and changing people's diets.
VOA: special.2009.11.06
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So the food environment can change and can change in productive ways and there are a lot of signs of this happening.
食品环境可以改变并可以很有创造性改变,有很多迹象都可以证明这一点
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But in cultures where the food environment doesn't represent the conditions the brain expects, you've got a mismatch.
但是当你所处的食物环境,不符合大脑的预期时,理想和现实错位了
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If the food environment had evolved very slowly, as it had in earlier human history, the body would have a chance to adapt.
如果食品环境演化很缓慢,像它在人类早期历史时那样,机体就有机会去适应这样的食品环境
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That's a very positive change in the food environment, so we'll talk about those sort of changes.
这是食品环境的一项积极改变,我们将会谈到这一类的改变
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The food environment that you're exposed to today is much different than when I was a boy.
你们今天所面临的食品环境,和我小时候的相比已经大相径庭
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Now you're saving a few calories because you don't even have to do that, so the food environment's changed in a lot of ways.
现在不需要这样,又节省了些力气,所以说食品环境改变了很多
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But as I said before, the food environment has changed very quickly and people have not.
但是就像之前说的,食品环境改变迅速,而人却没有
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If you think about the modern food environment compared to the ancient one, so let's say somebody getting something at a fair compared to the old days.
如果将现在的饮食环境,与过去的相比,例如比较在现在和过去的人们,在集市上能买到哪些东西
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This idea that humans have evolved, that physical changes have occurred in humans as a consequence of their food environment, has led us to where we are now.
探讨人与食物的关系,探讨人类机体,由于食物环境而产生的变化,是我们今天坐在这里的原因
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And, probably most important of all is can the food environment change?
或许最重要的一点 食品环境能够改变吗
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Well one is because we export a food environment.
一个是因为,我们出口的是食品环境
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Well now the food environment is things like this.
当前的食品环境是这样的
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but in the presence of the modern food environment that provides access to these things, and to foods like a pop tart with fifty-six different things in it, the body gets thrown off.
但在如今的饮食环境中,我们可以随时接触到像是果酱馅饼,这样的集五十六种成分于一身的食物,但却不利于身体健康
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And so one could say that there is a very unfortunate mismatch between our biology and our evolution and the modern food environment, because biology of course takes thousands and thousands, millions of years even to change, but the food environment has changed relatively recently.
可以说,在人类的生物进化和现在的,食品环境之间存在着非常不幸的脱节,生物学上的改变要花上,成千上万年的时间,但是食品环境却可以在短时间内迅速改变
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These foods are heavily marketed, they tend to be sold in schools, there tend to be mini markets right outside the schools so people can get them on the way to and from schools at many places, and this is the food environment.
这些食品非常热销,一般在学校附近有售,学校外面一般都有小型超市,这样人们就可以在上学放学路上买到它们,这就是所谓的食物环境
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There are probably those of you in the class already who are outraged by things like the modern food environment, how much energy it takes to transport things from place to place, lack of concern with sustainability and issues like this, and you'd like to see social change.
在坐的各位当中可能已经有人,对目前的食品环境感到愤怒,很多能量浪费在食品相关的运输上,忽略了对可持续性的关心等问题,你可能希望社会会有所改变
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For example, if it's more convenient should you change the environment to make the unhealthy food less convenient and make healthy foods more convenient?
举例来说,如果是因为方便,那你改变外部环境,会使得健康食品比垃圾食品更容易获得吗
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However, their biological relatives in Mexico would presumably have that same risk, but it would never be manifested if they're not exposed to what some have called a toxic food and physical activity environment.
而且,他们远在墨西哥的血缘亲属,可能也面临同样风险,但他们面临着所谓的有毒食物和活动环境,这个说法就不会得到证实
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If we defined food differently: that it's something that nurtures the body, something found in nature, something that doesn't harm the environment-- there are a number of criteria one can apply to define a food-- then we might come up with a different definition than this, but this is the way the nutrition field generally looks at it.
如果我们给出不同的定义,滋养身体的物质,在自然界找到的物质,不会威胁到身体的物质,有很多标准可以拿出来定义食物,我们也许可以就此重新进行定义,但这就是营养学看待食物的方式
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