One observer,Akiva Eldar, a senior columnist at the Haaretz newspaper in Tel Aviv, sees no movement unless one of the sides takes the first step.

VOA: standard.2009.11.16

It's only to say that I can't escape the fact that the very first movement of mind, not the last movement but the first movement of mind, is interpretative.

只能说我不能回避的事实,是我思维的第一反应，不是最后反应而是第一反应，就是解读。

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So now we are going to listen to the beginning of the first movement of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto.

现在我们要听到的是,柴可夫斯基第一钢琴协奏曲的开始乐段

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The first is obviously Marx against the backdrop of the first great Socialist Revolution which eventually resulted in the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, when the Russian formalist movement was at its height.

第一个当然是马克思,当时的巴黎公社运动,最终导致了俄国十月革命，这时俄国的形式主义运动正处于高潮。

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We were going down in the first movement. Now we're going-- It's going up and instead of having just the violins playing we have the trumpets, the heroic trumpets, so it sounds very triumphant.

第一乐章中,我们曾情绪低落,但现在,情绪正高涨,刚才小提琴演奏的部分,换成了小号,豪情万丈的小号,听上去有种胜利的喜悦

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Well, with the first movement we said he's generally going and that kind of idea, but now it's and we'll explore this when we get to harmony, this idea of major and minor so we're going music and now and that's a change from the dark minor to the brighter major.

在第一乐章,我们说过它大体上,就像这样,但现在,我们讲到和弦时再来研究这个,大调和小调的概念,我们继续听音乐,还有这个,这就是小调到大调间的转变,由阴郁转向明亮

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How did that relate to the first movement?

它是怎样和第一乐章联系起来的

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Let's see how these play out by means of a quick review of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony so all we're going to do here is going to go from the beginning of the track for the first movement to the second movement and so on, and well, let's just start here.

让我们通过迅速回顾贝多芬的第五交响曲,看乐章是如何表现的,我们现在要从,乐曲的第一乐章开头开始,听到第二乐章,以此类推,好,让我们从这开始

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In other words, we said that in intellectual history, first you get this movement of concern about the distance between the perceiver and the perceived, a concern that gives rise to skepticism about whether we can know things as they really are.

换言之，我们曾说过在思想史上，首先你要知道,关注感知者和被感知者之间距离的运动，这种关注会让我们怀疑,自己是否弄清楚了事物的本来面目。

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