Evidence of their existence has been found in more than two thousand five hundred places so far.

VOA: special.2009.10.07

We posit--or the fans of souls posit-- the existence of souls so as to explain something that needs explaining about us.

我们 或者灵魂论的拥护者们假设,灵魂是存在的,这就能解释一些我们自身不解的东西

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So there's a kind of empirical argument for the existence of the soul if we found those kinds of results.

所以如果能找到那样的结果,就能成为灵魂存在的经验主义论据。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

"It is relatively cheap for what you get, and it has been in existence for 60 years, so it is well established as a health service and it works,".

VOA: standard.2009.09.24

So it becomes a real watershed for us in dating texts: texts that are happy with the existence of shrines throughout the land of Israel are probably pre-Josiah, pre-622, pre-exilic.

它成了我们考证章节的真正分水岭：,一些章节中有很多圣坛的存在,遍布以色列大地,也许是在约西亚之前，622年之前或者流放之前。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

So there can be no "raw" without, in a certain sense, the prior existence of "cooked."

所以，从某种意义上来讲，如果没有“熟食“这个概念，就不会有“生食“的概念“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

However dimly that light came through to you, suffering so acutely from the rough denial of the very existence of American ideals, part of it must have come through American delineation of American characters.

不管遇到何种艰险，哪怕翻山越岭,哪怕趟水滚沙，这些都需要,生动的角色来表现出来。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

It is still comfortable with the existence of many sacred places throughout the land, so probably before 622.

它仍然满意于,遍布土地的多处神圣场所，也有可能是在622年之前。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

So, I infer the existence of atoms based on the fact that doing that allows me to explain things that need explaining.

所以说我推测原子的存在是基于,该假设使得我能够解释,所需解释的一些现象

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

And so the very same moment will be the end of my body, the end of my existence,the end of my personhood.

这一刻就是我肉体的灭亡，我的存在的停止，我作为人的消亡。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So at best that's a tie, and hence, no compelling reason to accept the existence of a soul.

这最多只能算是平局,所以,还没有令人信服的理由来接受灵魂的存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So the problem of existence through time,or persistence through time, shouldn't be called the problem of personal identity,but just the problem of identity.

所以积年累月下来存在的问题，就不该叫做个人认同感的问题，而仅是认同感的问题。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Sometimes, we posit the existence of something that we can't see so as to explain something else that we all agree takes place.

有时,我们通过假设,存在某些,我们看不到的事物以解释另一些,我们一致认同存在着的事物

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So let's return now to the question, "How might we argue for the existence of the soul?"

现在让我们再回到这个问题上,我们怎样论证灵魂存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Why do I believe in the existence of atoms so small that I can't see them?

为什么我相信原子的存在,它是如此之小,以至于我根本就看不到它们

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

We've spent the last week and a half or so, maybe a bit more, two weeks, talking about arguments for the existence of the soul.

我们已经花了一周半,也许还多点,两周吧,来讨论证明灵魂存在的论证

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So some of you may believe in, for example, the existence of an afterlife.

比如说你们中的有些人相信，有来世存在。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So if the argument's going to be, "We need to posit the existence of a soul in order to explain creativity," Again, that just seems wrong.

所以如果这个论证要说,我们必须假定灵魂的存在,才能解释创造力,再一次,这看起来是错误的

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So I don't feel forced to posit the existence of a soul.

所以我没觉得我一定要接受灵魂存在的假设

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So, here's a new argument for the existence of the soul.

所以,这里有了一个新论证证明灵魂存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Now, in the course of this discussion, Socrates and his disciples argue about not so much the existence of the soul, but the question really is the immortality of the soul.

在这段谈话中,苏格拉底和他的学生们,讨论的主要不是灵魂存在的问题,而是灵魂不朽的问题

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

My point here was only to say we shouldn't be so quick to think that we have to believe in the existence of a soul in order to explain our having free will.

我的观点不过就是说我们不应该这么草率地,认为我们不得不相信,灵魂的存在,从而解释我们有自由意志

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Well, there are the various parts of our physical body, but there's also our soul. Remember, as I said, in introducing the Phaedo, Plato doesn't so much argue for the existence of something separate, the soul, as presuppose it.

肉体由许多不同的部件组成,但是同样也有灵魂,我在介绍斐多篇的时候,提到柏拉图并没有花大力气,去辩证肉体之外存在个什么东西,他直接默认了灵魂的存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

And so here in Exodus, we find that just as the nation of Israel is coming into existence, just as the Israelites are making the transition from a nomadic existence to a more settled way of life ultimately in their own land, there seems to be a collective memory of a similar change in her religion.

所以在《出埃及记》中，我们可以看到,以色列作为一个国家即将诞生，就像犹太人,从游牧的生活方式,向更安定生活的转变,就像在宗教中同一个改变中的共同记忆。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

How do we prove the existence of things we can't see or hear or taste and so forth?

我们如何能证明那些,我们无法依靠五感感知的事物呢

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So he curses existence, curses God at having made him so impotent that he can't change the fact that two plus two equals four.

所以他诅咒生存，诅咒上帝让他如此无能,无能到无法改变二加二等于四的事实。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

And so we need to appeal to, we need to posit, the existence of, a soul.

所以我们需要借助他法,我们需要假定灵魂存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So the parts of the car existed prior to the existence of the car itself.

所以车的零部件,是先于车本身而存在的

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So we have no reason to posit the existence of a soul."

所以,我们没有理由假定灵魂存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

To explain the fact that we've got free will, so the objection goes, we have to appeal to-- we have to posit--the existence of a soul, something non-physical, something more than purely physical.

要解释我们有自由意志这一事实,反驳者会说,我们不得不诉诸,或者假定灵魂存在,这里提到的灵魂是非物质并超出物质的东西

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选