So it becomes a real watershed for us in dating texts: texts that are happy with the existence of shrines throughout the land of Israel are probably pre-Josiah, pre-622, pre-exilic.

它成了我们考证章节的真正分水岭：,一些章节中有很多圣坛的存在,遍布以色列大地,也许是在约西亚之前，622年之前或者流放之前。

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The use of purity and purity language to inscribe boundaries between Israel and other nations is very characteristic of the post-exilic period.

使用纯净和圣洁的语言,来划分以色列与其他国家的界线,就是流放后时期的一个特色。

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And the Priestly source, likewise, contains many, many older tradition but reached its full and final form in the exilic or post-exilic period.

牧师来源中同有很多很多的古老传统,但达到完整的最终形式是在流放或之后时期。

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we are going to return from exile in the 530s, o.k.?) So when we talk about the post-exilic period, we are talking about the period after the return.

我们将会回到530年左右的流放时期，好吧）,当我们说到流放后时期，我们就的是回归后的时期。

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There are many passages that make it clear that it's written from an exilic perspective .

也有很多章节明确地表示,它是从流放者角度书写的。

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So when it comes to dating the sources, certainly I would say all scholars agree that the Priestly materials reach their final form in the exile or post-exilic period. So that is the sixth century, right?

因此当说到资源时间考证，我肯定会说,所有学者都同意牧师资源最终成形,在流放或流放后期，也就是六世纪，对吧？

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So it is very hard to understand P's silence in this regard, if it stems entirely from the post-exilic, priestly circles.

很难理解P资源在这一方面的缄默，如果它来源于流放后时期，牧师圈子。

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Nevertheless, there are many data that suggest that the Priestly sources retain very early strata, just as D contains pre-exilic or early material.

然而，有很多数据表明,牧师来源保留着早期阶层，就像D资源包含着流放前及早期的内容。

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They reached their final form in the exilic or post-exilic period.

最终它们处于放逐中或被放逐后的状态。

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It points to an exilic date for the work's final composition: that is to say when it was finally redacted, the redactors were in exile, writing for a people living in exile. And the Deuteronomist wants to make it clear that it is fidelity to the Torah, rather than residence in the land that is critically important.

它提出了最终成书是在流放时期：,就是说，当他最后被编辑完成，编辑是被流放的，是为流放中的人而著的书，《申命记》想要,表明它对经书的忠诚，而不是土地上的居所，这点非常重要。

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There are scholars of all stripes and allegiances who view P as late; and there is some very good objective evidence for dating parts of P to the post-exilic period, just as there is good objective evidence for dating parts of D and the other sources to the post-exilic period.

有各种不同见解的学者认为P资源出现较晚;,而且还有一些有力的客观证据,来确认P资源来自流放后时期，也有有力的客观资料确认D来源的时间考证,也有其他的资料来源于流放后时期。

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