But in the real world when dealing with humans, but even when dealing with animals, we don't actually always use primary reinforcers or negative reinforcers.

但当我们在现实中训练人类，甚至是训练动物时，我们实际上并不总是用到初级强化物,或是负强化物。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

The interaction effects make things even worse, and we can't overlook those negative interaction effects.

相互影响让事情变得更坏，我们不能忽视这种负面的相互影响。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Or even go to negative values.

或者说得到负值。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

So that you take every sodium and you count all of its nearest neighbors, next nearest neighbors, next next nearest neighbors, not only on a line but in the plane and above and below in all three dimensions and go through that calculation, it is even more negative.

你考虑到每一个钠原子,你要考虑到它最近的原子，第二近的原子，第三近的原子，不是在一条线而是在一个面上,以及面上与面下的三维空间,再完成计算，这将会更负。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

In that year, we were early on in terms of diversifying the portfolio -we'd only been working on that program for two years -and even so,the negative return was less than 1%, so it was a modest negative return.

在那一年,我们还处于投资组合多元化的初期,刚刚开始2年,即便如此,股灾时我们的亏损小于1%,这只是一个轻微的亏损

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

On the one hand, the optimists might say, "Even when we throw in the extra interaction effects, even the negative interaction effects, the overall nature of the human condition is positive.

一方面，乐观主义者可能说，“就算我们把另外的相互影响，就算把负面的相互影响算进去，人类处境的总体本质还是积极的。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Now, notice that since we are adding extra positive facts, extra positive points, for the fact that you're alive, even if the contents subtotal is negative, the grand total could still be positive.

由于我们添加了额外的积极事物，额外的正数，因为你活着，就算生活内容的部分总和是负数，但它的总和可能仍然是正数。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

10 Even if your content subtotal was negative ten, that doesn't mean you're not better off alive, because negative ten plus the extra hundred points for the mere fact that you're alive is still going to give you a positive total, 90 plus 90.

就算你的生活内容部分总和是，那也不意味着你活得不够好，因为-10加上额外的100分说明了,你活着得到的总和仍然是正数，超过。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选