It can signify battle, but Hobbes says it can also signify the will to contend, simply the desire or the will to engage in conflict, " renders something like a state of nature.

这可以表示为斗争，但霍布斯说这同样可以表示竞争的意志，仅仅就是参与冲突的欲望或愿望，这些构成了“自然状态。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

That seems to me to be some horrible penalty you've imposed on me, that you've reduced me from being a human being, able to engage in the full range of reflection, and simply turned me into something like a rat.

更像是,强加在我身上的酷刑，我本来是一个人，能进行各种反思，却被变成一种老鼠般的生物。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选