Hershkowitz says,ideally, the Gulf cleanup's oily trash should be disposed of in an energy-producing furnace, but there are currently no facilities large enough to handle the volume of waste being generated by the cleanup efforts.

VOA: standard.2010.08.05

In other words, if we don't have to worry about entropy or volume equilibrium is achieved when energy is at a minimum.

换句话说，如果我们不担心熵,和体积的平衡,那么能量就得是最小的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

That for an ideal gas it has to be the case that there's no volume dependence of the energy.

我们可以直接推导这个结果,即证明对理想气体，内能和气体体积无关。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

OK, now, we're going to look at the internal energy, and we're going to pretend that it is explicitly a function of temperature and volume.

好，我们接下来看看内能，我们假设,它是温度和体积的函数。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

You just change volume to pressure and basically you're looking at enthalpy under a constant -- anything that's done at a constant volume path with energy, there's the same thing happening under constant pressure path for enthalpy.

可以看到这就是把体积换成了压强,一般我们都是在一种恒定状态下,考虑焓的，任何在恒容条件下,能伴随能量变化的东西，也在恒压条件下伴随焓同样地变化,所以你可以经常。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So the first path then, the first path, 1 constant volume constant V, so I'm going to, again, let's just worry about energy.

首先，是路径，等压过程。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

But it's allowed to say the internal energy is a function of temperature and volume.

但是我们也可以说内能,是温度和体积的函数。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Now these quantities were useful because you could relate them. The slope of changes, with respect to volume or temperature of the energy with respect to quantities that you understood, that you could measure.

去得到这些量,这些量很有用，而且你们已经知道了，怎么把它们相互联系起来,像这种比例形式的量，能量比上温度或体,或其它你们懂的可以测量量。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

We have discovered that this partial derivative that appears in the definition, the abstract definition of the differential for internal energy, is just equal to the constant volume heat capacity.

我们还发现,这个偏微分出现在了，内能的偏微分,定义式中，它也就是热容。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

I mean, if the energy is lower to occupy a smaller volume, then if I have this room and a bunch of molecules of oxygen, and nitrogen and what have you in the air, and there are weak attractions between them, why don't they all just sort of glum together and find whatever volume they like.

我的意思是，如果占据小的体积会使能量降低，如果我有这样一个空间,和一些氧气，氮气和其他空气中有的气体，并且分子之间还有微弱的相互作用，为什么他们不黏在一起,然后占据他们所想要占据的体积。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选