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z So in our first case, our first extreme case, would be that the z effective that is felt by electron number 1, is going to be plus 1.
被1号电子感知到的有效的，是+1所以,我们所能做的是计算出，我们从这个。
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What you see is that the radius changes with atomic number for constant electron number.
对于等电子数的粒子，离子半径随着,原子数的变化而变化。
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So, electron promotion does not happen in terms of nitrogen, because it would not increased our number of unpaired electrons.
这里对于氮原子不会有电子激发，因为这不会增加,未配对电子的数目。
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Maybe not. It has no protons, so therefore, it has no electrons Because proton number equals electron number, which means if it has no protons 0 its atomic number is zero.
也可能不会，这个元素没有质子，因此，也没有电子,因为质子数等于电子数，意味着它没有质子,它的原子序数为。
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If you look on the Periodic Table this is 598 atomic hydrogen. And, sure enough, there is 13.598, which is this number here in electron volts.
如果你查找元素周期表上的氢原子,毫无疑问，它的电离能就是13。,这个数值也是电子伏的值。
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But at the time, they didn't have a well-formed name for it, they were just saying OK, there's this fourth quantum number, there's this intrinsic property in the electron.
但在那时，人们没有给它取名，他们只是说ｏｋ，这是第四个量子数，这是电子的本征性质，
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So, basically any time we have a really high positive number of electron affinity, it means that that atom or ion really wants to gain another electron, and it will be very stable and happy if it does so.
因此，基本上无论什么时候,只要我们有一个很大的正的电子亲和能，这就意味着这个原子,或离子非常希望得到一个电子，如果它得到了，会变得更稳定更开心。
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1/2 And we have the spin quantum number 2 as plus 1/2 for electron one, -1/2 and minus 1/2 for the electron two.
我们有自旋量子数,对于电子，我们有自旋量子数。
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So if we think about, for example, this red line here, which energy state or which principle quantum number do you think that our electron started in?
我们来看看，比如这里的这个红线，它是从主量子数,等于多少的能级发出的？
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The total energy of the system, which we are going to get from postulate number four, which says the energy of the electron, which is the energy of the system, is the sum of the kinetic and the potential energy.
这个系统的总能量，也就是我们将从第四个假设中算出的能量，也就是电子运动产生的能量，也就是整个系统的能量，是动能和位能的总和。
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And this is a very high number because it depends upon electron-electron repulsion.
这个数很大,因为这取决于电子电子之间的排斥力。
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So we can completely describe an orbital with just using three quantum numbers, but we have this fourth quantum number that describes something about the electron that's required for now a complete description of the electron, and that's the idea of spin.
所以我们可以用３个,量子数完全刻画轨道，但我们有这第四个量子数,来完整的,描述电子，这就是自旋的概念。
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So, that can be a little bit confusing for us to think about, and when it's a very good question you might, in fact, say well, maybe there's not zero probability here, maybe it's just this teeny, teeny, tiny number, and in fact, sometimes an electron can get through, it's just very low probability so that's why we never really see it.
这想起来有点令人困惑，你们可能会说也许，这里的概率并不是严格的为零，而是非常非常小，所以有时电子就可以穿过去，这是个,很好的想法。
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We give you a very rich table of constants that's got all kinds of things from the mass of the electron to the speed of light, and all this stuff to the requisite number of significant figures. And, in addition, you are allowed to take in one sheet of paper, 8 1/2 x 11 one sheet 8 1/2 x 11, you can write anything you want on it.
我们会给你一个很详实的常量表,将会涉及很多方面，从元素的电子,到光速，这些内容到有效数字的定量,还有，你们可以带来一张纸，纸的规格是，可以写任何你们想写的东西。
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And the first is l, and l is angular momentum quantum number, and it's called that because it dictates the angular momentum that our electron has in our atom.
第一个就是l，l是,角动量量子数，叫它这个名字,是因为它表明，原子中,电子的角动量是多少。
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n So the velocity is given by this product of the quantum number n Planck constant 2 pi mass of the electron time the radius of the orbit, which itself is a function of n.
速度是量子数,普朗克常数2π乘以轨道半径的值,它自身也是n的函数。
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