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What we need to do is get rid of the Coulomb tag that we have - that's how we measure our electron charges - charge, and so we use this epsilon nought quite often, this permativity constant of a vacuum to make that conversion.
怎么量度电子电荷,所以我们会经常用到,这个epsilon，nought记号,这是真空中的介电常数,我们还要指出,这个介电常数。
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And let's say our second electron now is really far away, such that it's actually not going to shield any of the nuclear charge at all from that first electron.
距离原子核非常非常近,我们说第二个电子处于非常远的位置,这样它不会对第一个电子,感受到的来自原子核的电荷量有任何屏蔽作用,我们最后要说的是。
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What people did is they said let's define a unit of energy that represents a unit charge accelerated across a unit potential difference, and let's call that the electron volt.
前人们所做的就是他们说让我们确定,一个能量单位用来代表一单位电荷,加速穿过形成的一单位电势差，我们叫它电子伏特。
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So for example, that might have a formal charge of negative 1, because to some extent it has gained that much electron density that it now has a formal charge that's negative.
比如，可能它的形式电荷为负一，因为在一定程度上它得到了这么多的共用电子密度,那么它现在就有了负的形式电荷。
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e We also have e, which is going to be the charge on the electron.
这是电子的质量，我们还有。
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So if you have some charge in the nucleus, but you also have repulsion with another electron, the net attractive charge that a given electron going to feel is actually less than that total charge in the nucleus.
所以如果在原子核中，有一些电荷但是你也有来自，另一个电子的排斥力,那么一个给定电子的,吸引电荷感觉到的事实上,小于原子核中的总电荷。
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Again we have the charge of the nucleus on plus 2, +2 but let's say this time the electron now is going to be very, very close to the nucleus.
对于我们的氦原子，我们有一次得到了原子核电荷量为,但是我们说这次电子。
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We said that that second electron was so far out of the picture, that it had absolutely no affect on what the charge was felt by that first electron.
我们说第二个电子远离这张图片,这样它就彻底的对,第一个电子感觉到的电荷没有影响了,所以。
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There is a repulsive force, the attractive force between ions of opposite charge is offset by a repulsive force due to electron cloud interactions.
有一个斥力时,存在于电性不同的离子间的引力,是可以被抵消的，因为电子可以相互影响。
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And shielding is a little bit of a misnomer because it's not actually that's the electron's blocking the charge from another electron, it's more like you're canceling out a positive attractive force with a negative repulsive force.
屏蔽有一点点用词不当,因为它事实上不是,电子阻挡了来自另一个电子的电荷,它更像你在用一个负排斥力，抵消一个正吸引力,但是屏蔽是考虑这个问题,的很好的方式。
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We have the minus because we're adding a negative charge from the electron.
有这个负号的原因是,我们得到一个电子后增加了一个单位负电荷。
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So when we talk about the size of multi-electron orbitals, they're actually going to be smaller because they're being pulled in closer to the nucleus because of that stronger attraction because of the higher charge of the nucleus in a multi-electron atom compared to a hydrogen atom.
所以当我们讨论,多电子轨道的尺寸，它们实际上会变得更小,因为多电子原子的原子核,相比于氢原子,有更高的电荷量所以,有更强的吸引力,所以可以拉的更近。
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He measured the charge to mass ratio of the electron.
他测量了电子的荷质比。
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e The charge on the electron is minus e.
电子所带电荷应为。
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And the electrical energy is the product of the charge on the electron times the voltage which is the potential difference through which the electron was accelerated. And so this allows me to, by increasing the voltage, increase the energy on the electron.
电子能量是电子上的电荷数,乘以电压的结果,这是种内在的差距,通过它电子运动得以加速，这也让我，通过增强电压，来增加电子能量。
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If you look up really close, there is the elementary charge e.There is the mass of the electron.
如果你仔细找的话，会找到e表示的元电荷,也能找到电子的质量。
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2 So what we end up saying is that the z effective or the effective charge that that first electron feels is now going to be plus 2.
第一个电子感觉到的有效的z或者有效电荷现在是,我们再一次将它带入我们的方程。
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And out here we have the charge on the electron as simply equal to e.
而原子外层的电子,只是电量和e的电量相等。
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And lower case q sub 2 is the charge on the electron.
小写q加个下标2是指电子所带电量。
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Remember, e represents the elementary charge, not the charge on the electron.
记住，e代表元电荷，而非电子所带电荷。
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So, an electron has a charge of negative e, we've written here and the nucleus has a charge of positive e.
我们写在这，原子核带正e的电荷,我们看到作用力。
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The electron completely canceled out 1 it's equivalent of charge from the nucleus, such that we only saw in a z effective of 1.
电子完全抵消了来自原子核的等量电荷,这样我们仅仅看到有效的z为，在极端案例b中。
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