What the Dutch painters painted reflects in the same way that Renaissance art reflected what was important to Renaissance Italy.

如同意大利的作品反映出文艺复兴的精髓,荷兰画家的作品,同样映射出当时的社会文化特点

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

But when you look at the experience of Britain and the Dutch Republic, they do share things that, in a way, determine the kind of political economy that they would have.

但当你反观英国和荷兰共和国历史时,会发现他们都有一些共同点,在某种程度上,这些特点,决定了他们所具有的政治经济的类型

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

They had to go from Italy, because much of Italy was controlled by Spain, through the Alps all the way up along the Rhine and finally get into the Dutch Republic.

他们不得不穿过意大利,因为当时许多意大利地区正由西班牙控制,他们从阿尔卑斯山一路,沿着莱茵河,最终深入荷兰共和国腹地

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

The way the Dutch thought about themselves is a little different than the way the French nobility or the Spanish nobles, at least at the higher ranks, thought about themselves as well.

荷兰贵族看待自己的方式,与法国还有西班牙的贵族相比,有点不同,至少高级贵族,对自己是这么看待的

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

At this time the Dutch are sending herrings, these long flat boats, herring ships are going all the way to Newfoundland in the seventeenth century,and Iceland, freezing off the coast of Iceland.

于此同时,荷兰人也还运输鲱鱼,这些运送鲱鱼的长板船,在十七世纪一路开往纽芬兰和冰岛等地区,并不停穿梭于被冰壳覆盖的海岸线上

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选