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The DNA molecule here has been spread apart, opening up two single stranded DNA's which have complementary base sequences because they were double stranded DNA.
这里DNA分子被分开,形成两条单链DNA,这两条单链碱基序列互补,因为它们是由双链DNA解旋形成的
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When these nucleotides get polymerized to form a long DNA molecule they all get polymerized in exactly the same way, the chemistry is the same.
当这些核苷酸多聚化,形成一条长链DNA分子时,它们的聚合方式和,化学结构都完全相同
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Now, in your book, there's an example of plasmid where I've given you the exact sequence of nucleotides that makes up the whole double stranded DNA molecule.
现在在你们书里,有个质粒样本,我将组成这个双链DNA分子的,核苷酸序列写在这里了
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The whole structure of a DNA molecule looks like this, going back to a more cartoon version like I showed you before but adding some detail onto it now.
NA分子的全部结构都和,刚才的卡通模型上差不多,但细节更为丰富
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The corresponding half of the ladder that corresponds to any given ladder, let's say the black DNA molecule that corresponds to the blue one is not just a mirror image.
与任何单链配对的,另一条单链,比方说与蓝色DNA分子,配对的黑色DNA分子,并不是蓝色DNA分子的镜像
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One of the forms of processing that happens, that's very important in human gene expression is that some of the sections of the DNA molecule are not really necessary for describing the protein.
在人类的基因表达中,有一种非常重要的加工形式,那就是在DNA分子中有一些片段,对于编码蛋白质而言毫无用处
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In fact, you don't have to draw it this complicated way, you could just draw it as a line with and hanging off of it, and you would know that that's a DNA molecule four bases long.
实际上你不必画的这么复杂,你只要画几个线条并标明连接的碱基,别人就能知道它是含四个碱基的DNA
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You can just say it's RNA or DNA and you know everything about the pentose in every molecule on the chain.
你只需要说它是一个RNA或者DNA,就能知道,每个核苷酸分子的戊糖
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We don't need to really talk about all the molecular detail in order to completely describe a DNA or an RNA molecule because these structures repeat themselves.
我们在完整的描述一个DNA或RNA时,不需要说明,分子上的每一个细节,因为它们的结构都是重复的
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The receptor for estrogen is a special molecule called a DNA binding factor.
雌激素受体是一类特殊的分子,叫做DNA结合因子
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Well, what if you knew the sequence for the messenger RNA that made insulin and you designed another single stranded DNA or RNA molecule that was the exact opposite, or the exact compliment, I should say, of that strand?
那么,如果你知道了,合成胰岛素的mRNA的序列,并设计一段与其序列完全相反的,DNA或者RNA分子,应该说是完全互补的一段分子
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The only thing I need to say in order to distinguish this particular part of the chemistry of a DNA or an RNA molecule is to say 'it's DNA or its RNA', and 'what the base is'.
想要区别DNA和RNA,这两种化学结构不同的核酸的话,我只要说明它是DNA还是RNA,它的碱基是什么就够了
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