These shrines may have been associated with some kind of contact with ancestors, some kind of cult of the dead.

这些圣坛也和某些东西有关联,与祖先或者对逝者的崇拜有关。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

So according to Wellhausen, the early period of ancient Israel must have been characterized by a free, more natural form of religion, an intimate relationship with God, unencumbered or unsullied by the legalistic cultic obsessions of priests and cult.

据Wellhausen，古代以以列早期,一定是以自由自然的宗教形式为特色的，与上帝关系亲密，不受任何阻碍,牧师和仪式痴迷于遵从律法，造成阻碍。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选