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Now for this experiment, this is a constant enthalpy experiment for the Joule-Thomson experiment, this is equal to zero.
对于这个实验，焦耳-汤姆逊实验,是一个焓不变的实验,焓变化等于0，所以我可以。
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It's the constant enthalpy process that we're looking at. This we can do experiments on.
是一个焓不变的过程,这个量我们可以做实验。
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What we've been talking about, the Joule-Thomson experiment, constant enthalpy process?
首先，刚才说的，那些有什么问题吗？,焦耳-汤姆逊实验，等焓过程？
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The constraint is the constraint of the experiment and the constraint of the experiment is that the enthalpy is constant. So the constraints we have here, is the constant enthalpy.
这个实验的限制,就是焓是常量,所以这里的限制是焓不变,我们考虑的这个过程。
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OK, so we ended up last time, we talked about Joule-Thomson expansion, which is an irreversible expansion through a nozzle, through a porous plug, constant enthalpy expansion.
上节课，我们讨论了焦耳-汤姆逊，膨胀过程,也就是气体，通过毛细管。
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This is equal to zero. So this irreversible process this Joule-Thomson process, is a constant enthalpy process. Delta h for this process is equal to zero.
等于0。所以这个不可逆过程,也就是焦耳-汤姆逊过程,是一个等焓过程。
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That was a constant enthalpy change.
这个过程是一个自由焓不变的过程。
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The Joule experiment was a constant energy experiment, right. Here we're going to have to find a constant enthalpy experiment, and that is going to be the Joule-Thomson experiment. That's going to extract out a physical meaning to this derivative here.
非常像焦耳实验,焦耳实验是一个能量恒定的实验,我们这里要做的是，找到一个焓不变的实验,也就是焦耳-汤姆逊实验,这个实验可以把这里的微分式形象化。
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And our heat of reaction or enthalpy of reaction is defined as the enthalpy at constant pressure.
我们的反应热，或反映,的焓被定义为恒压，等温。
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You just change volume to pressure and basically you're looking at enthalpy under a constant -- anything that's done at a constant volume path with energy, there's the same thing happening under constant pressure path for enthalpy.
可以看到这就是把体积换成了压强,一般我们都是在一种恒定状态下,考虑焓的，任何在恒容条件下,能伴随能量变化的东西，也在恒压条件下伴随焓同样地变化,所以你可以经常。
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