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Jogging provides great physical conditioning for the heart and lungs.
VOA: special.2011.06.28
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The question of whether discriminant conditioning has been used with babies to explore what sort of concepts they have.
这个问题是,在探究婴儿拥有什么类型的概念时,是否对婴儿应用了判别式条件作用
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and they have the air conditioning blasting.
空调在你头上一个劲地吹。
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VOA: standard.other
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And, in general, the idea of what goes on in classical conditioning is that the response is sort of a preparation.
一般认为，在经典条件作用中,反应就是某种准备过程。
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The findings of classical conditioning have been extended and replicated in all sorts of animals including crabs, fish, cockroaches and so on.
经典条件作用在所有的动物研究中,都得到了扩展和重复,这些动物包括了螃蟹，鱼类，蟑螂等。
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He developed the theory of classical conditioning by making a distinction between two sorts of conditioning, two sorts of stimulus response relationships.
他通过区分两种条件作用,两种刺激反应关系，提出了经典条件作用理论。
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Well, when Pavlov, for instance, started before conditioning there was simply an unconditioned stimulus, the food in the mouth, and an unconditioned response, saliva.
比如，在条件作用形成之前,只是简单的存在着无条件刺激，即食物，以及无条件反应，即唾液。
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And because of operant conditioning, the baby is driven towards the adult.
因为操作性条件作用，婴儿跟着成年人。
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It's that what happens in classical conditioning is preparation.
它认为，经典条件作用只是准备阶段。
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Mechanisms like habituation, classical conditioning and operant conditioning are real; they can be scientifically studied; and they play an important role in the lives of animals and probably an important role in human lives as well.
诸如习惯化，经典条件作用，操作性条件作用之类的机制,都是真实存在的;,这些机制都能得到科学的研究;,它们在动物的生活里起到了重要的作用,或许在我们人类的生活中,也同样起到了重要的作用。
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This almost certainly is not the right story but again, just as in phobias, some ideas of classical conditioning may play some role in determining what we like and what we don't like sexually.
这个解释肯定是错的,但是，与在恐惧症中的作用相同，经典条件作用,或许对我们在性活动方面的喜恶,起着一定的决定作用。
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As a result of this sort of conditioning, he then when he experiences real world violence, he responds with nausea and shock; basically, training him to get away from these acts of violence.
作为这种条件作用的结果，当他在现实中经历暴力行为时，便会引起恶心和休克;,总体来说，就是训练他远离暴力行为。
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Instrumental conditioning is voluntary.
工具性条件作用则是有机体的自发行为。
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That's how operative conditioning works.
这就是操作性条件反射。
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What's classical conditioning for?
那么经典条件作用有何作用？
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So the strong classical conditioning stories about fetishes and fears sound silly and extreme and they probably are but at the same time classical conditioning can be used at least to shape the focus of our desires and of our interests.
用经典条件作用来解释恋物癖和恐惧,听起来很蠢也很极端,或许是这样,但至少经典条件作用,能够使我们产生,对欲望和兴趣的关注。
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Now, according to sort of a simple-minded view of operant conditioning in behaviorist psychology, the children you reward should do it more.
根据简单的,行为心理学的操作性条件反射观点来看，拿到奖励的小孩应该会画更多画。
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But the claim that people have formed their phobias through classical conditioning is almost always wrong.
但恐怖症形成于经典条件作用的主张,从一开始便是错误的。
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You need to train a pig and you need to do so through operant conditioning.
你需要运用操作性条件作用来训练一头猪。
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And so classical conditioning should be the strongest when these two are simultaneous and the response to one is the same as the response to the other.
当无条件刺激与条件刺激同时出现时,经典条件作用的效果最强,两种刺激所引起的反应是相同的。
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So a behaviorist story about fetishes, for instance, is it's straightforward classical conditioning.
比如行为主义者对恋物癖的一种解释就是，恋物癖是简单的经典条件作用的结果。
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The second sort of learning is known as classical conditioning.
学习的第二种形式,被称为经典条件作用。
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So, classical conditioning is more than a laboratory phenomena.
所以说，经典条件作用不仅仅是实验室现象。
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