Gas phase single atom. So we don't have to deal with work function or any kind of energies associated with some condensed form of matter.

气相的单原子，所以我们不需要再,处理功函数的问题,以及和凝聚态相关的能量问题。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

For a first pass, let's just say for condensed systems we can go with it.

对于第一步，在凝聚体系中我们可以这样认为二者是相同的。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选