"When Darwin first proposed his theory in eighteen fifty-nine, he had no concept of a gene, no concept of a chromosome, no concept of mutation, and certainly no concept of things like DNA and RNA."

VOA: special.2009.12.01

Another important concept in probability theory that we will use a lot is expected value, the mean, or average-- those are all roughly interchangeable concepts.

概率论中另外一个常用的重要的概念是,期望值或者也叫均值,这两个概念可以互换

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

But, in terms of the basic theory, that's the core concept.

但在基本原理上来说,它是核心概念

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

I wanted to say one more thing because I realize that you have to-- your first problem set will cover this-- is to talk about the concept that applies probability theory to Economics.

我还想提一点,因为我意识到...,你们的练习题中会涉及到这个,概率论在经济学中的,应用的问题

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选