That tells us the direction of spontaneous change for ordinary processes, chemical processes, mixing and you name it, under conditions that are easy to achieve in the lab.

这个物理量告诉我们在实验室,能够实现的条件下通常的过程，化学过程，混合以及你所能想到的过程，自发进行的方向。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

We can go back to ancient Egypt where there khemeia is reference in the hieroglyphs to term khemeia, which, among other things, meant chemical processes for embalming the dead.

我们可以追溯到古埃及,那的象形文字提到了词语,这是，在其他事情当中，意味着,化学过程处理防腐尸体。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

It's all chemical processes. Second, pardon me, second is batteries.

这都是化学的过程，第二，不好意思，第二是电池。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, practitioners who understood what we would know to be chemistry were highly valued in that society. And then, you may expand it to other chemical processes, dyeing of cloth, glassmaking, and metals extraction.

所以，理解我们所知为化学的,先行者们，在那个社会是,非常宝贵的，当时，你可能将其扩展到另一个化学过程，如布料的染色，玻璃的制造，还有金属提取。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选