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They might ingest extracellular antigen, presented pieces of it on their cell surface in the context of MHC-2.
它们可以吞噬胞外抗原,根据细胞表面的,主要组织相容性抗原-2
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The kinds of proteins that sit on a cell surface and form adhesion junctions with neighboring cells, that's one class of cells on the surface.
这些蛋白位于细胞表面,和相邻的细胞建立粘附链接,这是细胞的一个种类
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It is a protrusion of the cell sticking out of the epic al surface.
伸出细胞的美丽表面。
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This is a new concept, receptors don't have to be these molecules on cell surface, there can be receptors that exist in other places within the cell.
这是一个新概念,受体分子不一定只存在于细胞表面,它们也可以存在于细胞内其它地方
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When they receive the signal they make - they change in a very specific way and the cell can recognize this change that's occurred at the cell surface.
当它们接收到信号之后,就会发生十分特殊的变化,细胞能够识别自身表面发生的这种变化
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That infection occurs because of a ligand receptor interaction on the cell surface where the virus itself is the ligand and it takes advantage of a receptor that's expressed on the cell surface.
感染的发生是由于,配体与细胞表面受体相互作用,病毒是配体,它利用了在,细胞表面表达的受体
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Now, in the heart action potential is moving from one heart muscle cell to another over the surface of the heart.
心脏中的动作电位,沿相邻心肌细胞在心脏表面传递
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This property of cells in culture is called anchorage dependence - that the cell needs to be anchored to a surface in order to function properly.
体外培养细胞的这种特性,称为贴壁依赖性--,意思是细胞必须固定在,某个表面上才能正常生长
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The one that's on the top here is called ligand-gated ion channel and an ion channel is a protein that sits in the surface of a cell.
最上面的这个叫作配体门控离子通道,离子通道是一类位于细胞表面的蛋白
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It turns out that one of the places that's been very fruitful to look for proteins that differ between cell populations is on the surface of the cell.
而事实证明,寻找能鉴别细胞种类的,特定蛋白的最佳位置,是在富含蛋白的细胞膜上
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So, it doesn't need to bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell in order to work because the molecule can actually enter the cell directly.
所以无需与细胞表面受体相结合来起效,因为这些分子能直接进入细胞
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We've learned how to identify and catalog cells according to the composition of proteins on the surface and those proteins that distinguish a cell are often called marker proteins.
我们学会了如何按照表面的蛋白成分,来识别并分类细胞,而这些用来区别细胞的蛋白,通常称为标记蛋白
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They also allow their populations of proteins on the surface of each cell that allow it to interact with its environment, they're receptors and cell adhesion receptors like I talked about last time.
它们同时也使得,这些细胞表面的蛋白质群,使得细胞能够和周围环境进行互动,它们是受体和细胞粘附受体,我上次也说过的
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Eventually what happens is that glucose transport molecules which are expressed and stored inside the cell get shuttled up to the surface, so the cells permeability to glucose goes up and more glucose can come in.
最终的结果是那些已经表达,并储存于细胞中的能够运输糖的载体分子,穿梭到细胞表面,这样细胞对糖的透过性提高,更多糖分子进入到细胞内部
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Yeast cells were grown in large numbers with this plasmid inside, they expressed the plasmid and so you made Hepatitis B surface antigen not in people but in cell culture where it was not normally formed.
体内携带这种质粒的酵母细胞大量增殖,它们表达质粒,因此,乙型肝炎表面抗原不是在人体内,而是在细胞培养环境下,以非正常方式形成的
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In this case, a receptor tyrosine kinase is a receptor molecule that binds a ligand at its surface outside the cell and initiates this enzyme activity - this kinase activity - and causes phosphorylation of another molecule.
在这个例子中,酪氨酸激酶受体可以,在细胞表面区域与配体结合,从而激发出,激酶的活性,使其能够磷酸化另一类分子
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That's making the cell look foreign because some of that foreign protein is on the surface with MHC1.
这使得整个细胞亦被视为外源物,因为某些外源蛋白,和MHC1共同出现在细胞表面
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One of the other things that MHC1 does, in addition to marking yourselves as your own, is that it's capable of making combinations with all the different molecules that are present inside the cell and expressing them on the surface, and sort of showing them to the outside world.
HC1的另一项功能,除了给你标记一个独一无二的标签以外,MHC可以和细胞内所有不同的,分子结合 使其能够呈现在细胞表面,使其暴露于外界
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