One of the differences in stem cell populations that you will hear about is you hear about embryonic stem cells and you hear about adult stem cells.

干细胞之间的一个区别,你可能听说过的,那就是既有胚胎干细胞,也有成人干细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It turns out that one of the places that's been very fruitful to look for proteins that differ between cell populations is on the surface of the cell.

而事实证明,寻找能鉴别细胞种类的,特定蛋白的最佳位置,是在富含蛋白的细胞膜上

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So I can use the presence of those to identify cell populations.

因此我可以利用这些蛋白的存在与否,来识别细胞群

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

All of the cells that are reproduced during development are the same in certain ways, they contain the same DNA, they're all progeny of the same fertilized egg, but differences are acquired within specific cell populations during the process of development.

所有在发育过程中繁殖的细胞,在某些方面都是一样的,它们都有相同的DNA,都是同一个受精卵的后代,但是分化是在特定细胞类群,发育过程中必不可少的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They also allow their populations of proteins on the surface of each cell that allow it to interact with its environment, they're receptors and cell adhesion receptors like I talked about last time.

它们同时也使得,这些细胞表面的蛋白质群,使得细胞能够和周围环境进行互动,它们是受体和细胞粘附受体,我上次也说过的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选