so, essentially, they're establishing or controlling or changing the difference between the charge inside the cell and the charge outside cell.

因此本质上来说，它们制造或者控制或者改变,细胞内外电荷之间的电位差。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

What's the difference between this cell which I call a committed progenitor cell and its offspring, and the offspring of that offspring.

我所称的定向祖细胞,和它的子细胞之间,还有它子细胞的子细胞之间有什么区别呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It's on the gene for hemoglobin and the hemoglobin that you produce if you have sickle cell anemia is not quite right because there's one base difference.

这个缺陷基因和血红蛋白有关,如果你有镰状红细胞贫血症,那你所产生的血红蛋白就不太正常,因为这里有一个碱基不同

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

What is the difference that's generated during an asymmetric cell division?

不对称分裂的过程中,到底产生了怎么样的变化

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Or it can the kind of change we talked about before, where during division there are some chemicals that are trapped in one cell and not in the other, and that could lead to a difference we already talked about.

可能是我们之前说过的,在分裂过程中可能发生的,不对称分裂的现象,并导致我们已经讲过的某些不同

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They carry a potential, that is, if you could - if you had a tiny, tiny electrical meter, you could one put one electrode on one side of the cell membrane, on the extracellular side and one on the intracellular side and measure, you would measure a potential difference; just like a battery you would measure a potential difference.

它们带有电势,就是说,如果你能有一个足够小的电位计,可以把一个电极放在细胞膜一侧,假设放在细胞外的一侧,另一个电极放在细胞内侧并测量,你能测到一个电势差,就像电池那样能测到电势差

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选