The researchers found the presence of carbon thirteen, a version of the carbon atom that is usually found in space.

VOA: special.2009.09.30

PROFESSOR: All right, start again, what's the hybridization of the carbon atom?

好了，再说一遍，碳原子的杂化轨道是什么？

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So again, if we think about that shape of that carbon atom, it's going to be trigonal planar, 120° it's going to have bond angles of 120 degrees, because we have this set up of having three hybrid orbitals.

如果我们考虑碳原子的形状，它是平面三角形，键角是，因为我们有这三个杂化轨道。

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So if you picture this as our s p 2 carbon atom where we have three hybrid orbitals, and then one p y orbital coming right out at us.

如果你把这想象成sp2碳原子,这里有3个杂化轨道，然后一个py轨道朝向我们。

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If we have, coming along this z axis, another carbon atom, we can actually form one bond between the two carbon atoms there.

如果我们在z方向，有另外一个碳原子，我们可以在,两个碳原子之间形成一个键。

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All right, so in terms of s p 3 hybrid orbitals, let's combine all four together on one axis, because this is what's going to happen in an s p 3 carbon atom.

对于sp3杂化轨道，让我们把4个结合起来，因为这是sp3碳原子中发生的情况。

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So essentially, we have two ethene or ethylene molecules here to start with where these blue are our 2 s p 2 hybrid orbitals, so you can see that for each carbon atom, one is already used up binding to another carbon atom.

本质上，我们从两个乙烯分子开始,蓝色的是2sp2杂化轨道，你可以看到，对于每一个碳原子，其中一个已经用来和另外一个碳原子成键。

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So if we take our carbon atom here, which has two electrons in the 2 s orbital, and we promote one of these electrons into a 2 p orbital, what we see now is that yes, we do, we have four unpaired electrons.

这是碳原子，2s轨道里有两个电子，我们把一个电子激发到2p轨道里，我们看到现在，是的，我们有4个未配对电子。

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So in terms of the first step of skeletal structure, this is actually going to be easier because we don't have a central atom, we just have carbon and nitrogen here.

对于第一步画出骨架，其实比刚才更容易,因为我们没有一个中心原子，我们这里只有碳和氮两个原子。

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