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They're both expansions. They'll both have net work done on the surroundings, but not the same amount, right.
是不同的，他们都是膨胀,都对外做功，但数量不同，对吧？
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Oh, I have worked on a couple of projects where the other person has not done much work.
哦，我参加过几个项目中而组员不怎么干活。
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So these are forms of the experience of reading fiction of which Iser disapproves because there's no work being done.
这就是那些阅读小说经历的形式,伊瑟尔不赞同这种形式，因为这种阅读没有任何成就。
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So for the reversible process, the work done is the integral under the pressure volume state function, the function of state.
对可逆过程，做的功,是压强体积态函数曲线下，的积分面积。
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It's one element like I claimed before it's sorted and so there's no work to be done.
当有1个元素时，在比较前就知道它是有序的,那就没必要再进行比较了。
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Admittedly, it's not great, but you've done good work."
说实话，其实并不是很让人满意，但是你做的也算不错了“
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A lot of the work is done by Robert Provine who summarizes this in his excellent book Laughter.
很大研究都是Robert，Provine做的,他在一本很好的书《笑》中总结了他的研究。
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I would just get all my work done, like the weekend before it was due.
我会在周末之前把所有的工作都做完。
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are basically people that have done a lot of bodies of work.
基本上都是做出了很多成就的人。
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Roger Ibbotson, who is a colleague of Bob Shiller's and mine at the School of Management, has done a fair amount of work, studying the relative importance of these sources of returns.
罗格·伊博森是,我和希勒在管理学院的同事,他在对回报率来源的研究上,做了大量的工作
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Could you tell us what kind of work you've done?
你能告诉我们你都做过哪种工作吗？
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but you do want the work to get done.
但你希望这项工作能够完成。
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It's because over the last two years since I last taught it, I've done a lot work in the area of silence.
因为上次课程结束后到现在的两年，我做了大量关于安静的研究。
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I always get my work done on time.
我总是准时完成工作。
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OK, so w, first of all, work is being done to the system on the left hand side here.
好的，首先,我们通过左边对系统做功。
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It's just minus the sum of all these things, because of course these are just defined as the work done by the environment to the system.
等于负的这些东西的和，因为它们的定义是,环境对系统所做的功。
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Now in order to illustrate the way in which what Iser calls virtual work gets done in this regard, let me just run through a few passages quickly.
现在，为了阐释,在这点上，伊瑟尔所说的虚功是怎样做的，下面我们来快速地浏览几段话。
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If there's no work to be done, 0 the running time is gonna be zero.
如果并不需要做什么，那么其运行时间肯定为。
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Over the last five, ten years there's been some work done on this.
在过去五，十年里,有人做了一些有关笑的研究。
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well since the gas is expanding into vacuum no work is done.
因为气体是向真空膨胀,因此这个过程不做功。
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So what I want to do in this class is be honest with you and tell you, "You've really done work here to be extraordinarily proud of yourself" versus "Yeah, you've done something okay" or "You've done good work.
所以我想在这个课程里和你们坦陈相待，你们真的是在学东西,让自己及其骄傲“,而不是说你们做的差强人意“,或是你们干的不错。
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One is that he observed when people were machining cannon barrels, a lot of heat was generated, and there was a lot of work done.
第一种说法说焦耳发现,制作加农炮筒时，会产生大量的热，同时这中间有大量的做功。
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If I want this one over here, so what work remains to be done?
如果我想把它放在这边，那还需要做什么呢？
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So there is metaphysical work to be done here.
所以需要用形而上学的理论来解释。
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And this is some work done by the psychologist Claude Steele and his colleagues at Stanford.
这是心理学家Claude，Steele和他在斯坦福的同事,做的一个研究。
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Delta v is positive in this direction here, the work is negative. So work on the system is positive. Work done by the system is negative.
功是负的，总而言之,外界对系统做功的符号为正。
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And there is no work done on the surroundings because pressure is zero.
这里系统没有对环境做功,因为压强是零。
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What you've built is an engine. You cool, you heat, you heat, you cool, you get back to the same place, but you've just done work to the environment.
这就是热机，我们用燃料或者热源加热，然后把它，与大气接触让它冷却。
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So even if work is done, it doesn't matter.
即使有做功，该式也成立。
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It turns out that if you start learning a language, a second language is where most of the work's been done, within the first few years of life you're fine.
如果你在出生的头几年里开始学习一门语言,非常努力地学习了第二门语言,那么你一切正常
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