In other words, replacing the shortest distance between two points that we experience in a practical message, "literariness," as the formalists call it, or "poetic language," as they also sometimes call it and as the New Critics certainly call it, slows us down.

也就是说，实用语言以最短的距离,联系两点，而文学性，如形式主义者所称，或诗意的语言，他们有时也会这么叫,新批评派成员一定会这么称呼，使我们的理解速度慢了下来。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

And so, an English speaker can hear the difference between "Lip" and "Rip" and that corresponds to two different words in English.

所以,英语说话者可以听出,"Lip"和"Rip"之间的差别,而这两种声音在英语中对应了不同的单词

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选