So, then we go to thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium, and this is really about chemical reactions -- weather a reaction will go, will it be spontaneous, if there an equilibrium, what direction will the reaction be shifted in.

然后我们要讲到热力学和化学平衡,这都和化学反应有关，一个反应是否能发生,是不是能自发反应，如果存在化学平衡，它会朝什么方向移动。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

That really does seem to me to be the spontaneous conclusion we are inclined to draw.

看来我们必须,先得到关于这个问题的的结论才行了。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Anything else, which is to say any spontaneous process, it'll be less than zero.

其它任何情况下，也就是任何自发过程，都将小于零。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And for the spontaneous change which happens irreversibly That means that'll be dq irreversible.

对于不可逆的自发过程,这说明dq是不可逆的,当过程是可逆时。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选