The panda genome has about two billion five hundred million base pairs.

VOA: special.2010.01.19

It's oriented in the oppose direction and it has the complementary base pairs at each position.

它们方向相反,并且所有的碱基都是互补的

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That means the gene that encodes insulin, the sequence of base pairs that encode insulin.

这意味着基因编码了胰岛素,碱基序列编码了胰岛素

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That's because every three base pairs describes an amino acid in a protein.

那是因为每三个碱基对,对应一个蛋白质中的一个氨基酸

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Transcription just means making a single stranded RNA copy of a sequence of base pairs in a DNA.

转录的过程就是从一段DNA碱基序列中,复制出一段单链RNA

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If I'm talking about two DNA strands and they differ only in one or two base pairs they won't be exact complements and they won't form this double helix.

假设有两条DNA单链,有一两个碱基不能配对,它们就不能完全互补,也无法形成双螺旋形结构

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So the access that a cell has to certain kinds of genes, or chemical modifications of DNA, not chemical modifications that change the base pairs, that would be a mutation.

因此细胞变化的途径应该是对某些基因,或者DNA进行化学修饰,不是更改碱基对,更改碱基对就是突变了

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The goal of that was to take for a typical human, or for a typical - in the case of the human genome project maybe you're looking at fruit flies, you want to look at all the DNA in a fruit fly, but to look at the sequence of base pairs that makes up human DNA and write them all out; we'll talk about that later.

这个计划的目的是,建立一个有代表性人类的基因顺序,或者说是典型的人类基因组,就人类基因组计划来说,或许你在研究果蝇,你想观察果蝇内的所有DNA,而人类基因组计划是观察组成人类的,DNA的碱基对顺序并且将它们记录下来,我们不久之后会讨论这些内容

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