In other words, if we don't have to worry about entropy or volume equilibrium is achieved when energy is at a minimum.

换句话说，如果我们不担心熵,和体积的平衡,那么能量就得是最小的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

I'm going to say, quite to the contrary, the positive charge is concentrated at the center in a tiny, tiny, tiny volume.

我要说的是，完全相反，正电荷集中在中心,在一个非常非常小的体积内。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

We could just collect a bunch of data. For a material .What's the volume it occupies at some pressure and temperature?

对一种物质我们可以得到一系列测量数据,在给定的温度和气压下,它的体积是什么？

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

But there's also a way to get rid of the volume part and actually talk about the probability of finding an electron at some certain area within the atom, and this is what we do using radial probability distribution graphs.

除去体积部分,来讨论,在某些区域内,发现一个原子的概率,我们可以，用，径向概率分布图,它是。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

OK, now, we're going to look at the internal energy, and we're going to pretend that it is explicitly a function of temperature and volume.

好，我们接下来看看内能，我们假设,它是温度和体积的函数。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So what I'm doing here is I'm cooling, and then when I'm sitting at a fixed volume and I'm increasing the pressure, what am I doing? I'm heating, right?

对了，因此在这里，需要冷却,而在这里，当体积不变增加压强时？

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

You just change volume to pressure and basically you're looking at enthalpy under a constant -- anything that's done at a constant volume path with energy, there's the same thing happening under constant pressure path for enthalpy.

可以看到这就是把体积换成了压强,一般我们都是在一种恒定状态下,考虑焓的，任何在恒容条件下,能伴随能量变化的东西，也在恒压条件下伴随焓同样地变化,所以你可以经常。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Avogadro was a professor of chemistry at the University of Turin who did a lot of work on gas laws, understanding the number of gas particles in a given volume at a given temperature.

阿伏加德罗是一个化学教授,在都灵大学,他做了很多关于气体定律的研究，了解气体微粒,在特定的容量和温度下的数目。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Could be done, but easier is to just do the whole thing at constant volume, right, and just run the reaction that way and redo the calculation to be a constant volume rather than constant pressure calorimeter, right.

可以进行测量,但是如果在体积恒定的条件下,做这些会容易得多,还是这样进行反应,但是在等体而不是恒压条件下重新计算。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So we're going to start with a mole of gas, V at some pressure, some volume, T temperature and some mole so V, doing it per mole, and we're going to do two paths here.

假设有1摩尔气体，具有一点的压强p，体积，温度，我们将让它，经过两条不同的路径。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选