Another finding is that people who are married or work together do not have as much of an effect on happiness as friends do.

VOA: special.2009.01.21

It doesn't, in other words, derive from an antecedent single cause as an effect.

换句话说，它不是，作为结果来自单一的先行的原因。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

So this could be summarized as the law of effect, which is a tendency to perform an action's increased if rewarded, weakened if it's not.

这种行为上的变化被称之为效果律，也就是说，行为倾向随奖励而增加，随惩罚而减少。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Researchers also carried out an experiment to test if signs of disorder that were heard had the same effect as signs that were seen.

VOA: special.2009.03.03

When Plato writes his Republic and devotes Book Ten, as I'm sure most of you know, to an argument in effect banishing the poets from the ideal republic, part of the argument is that poets are terrible imitators.

当柏拉图写《理想国》和《第十卷》的时候，你们肯定都听过这两部著作，他提出了一个一个论点，要把诗人从理想国中驱逐出境，他提到，诗人都是拙劣的仿造者。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Both Crystal and Jansen point to email as an example of people misunderstanding the Internet's overall effect.

VOA: standard.2010.01.16

The ostensible purpose of this sentence at this point, as I take it, in Milton's argument is to explain the importance of censorship; but surely this sentence has an entirely different effect on us as readers, a different effect than the syntax or the logic of this sentence may demand.

这句话表面上的目的，我认为，是在弥尔顿的论点里解释控制的重要性,但是这个句子却对读者产生了相反的作用，一个和这句话的句式逻辑的要求,不同的影响。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选